Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (IC) kanye namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anobubanzi obuncane

Ngenisa

Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ICs) kanye namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) ayizingxenye ezibalulekile kuma-electronics wesimanje.Ama-IC aguqule indlela izinto zikagesi eziklanywa futhi zakhiwe ngayo ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi zibe chip eyodwa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane adlala indima ebalulekile ekunikeni amandla imiklamo yedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ehlangene futhi ephumelelayo.Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa ama-IC nama-PCB amancane, izinselele nezinzuzo ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa okunjalo, kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuklama ama-IC kuma-PCB amancane.

Iyini isekethe ehlanganisiwe?

Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-microchips noma ama-IC, amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi amancane enziwe ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukene njengezimelaphi, ama-capacitor, nama-transistors ku-wafer ye-semiconductor eyodwa.Lezi zingxenye zixhunywe ukuze zenze imisebenzi ethile, okwenza ama-IC abe amabhulokhi wokwakha wezinto zikagesi.Ama-IC asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, namasistimu ezimoto.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izifunda ezihlanganisiwe zinkulu.Ngenxa yokuthi ama-IC ahlangene ngosayizi, amadivaysi kagesi amancane nalula angathuthukiswa.Asebenzisa amandla amancane futhi akhiqize ukushisa okuncane kunezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-IC anikeza ukwethembeka nokusebenza okwengeziwe, okuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile yemiklamo yesistimu ye-elekthronikhi yesimanje.

Liyini ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe ngobubanzi obuncane?

Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinobubanzi obuncane (PCB) yi-PCB enobubanzi obuncane kune-PCB evamile.I-PCB iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokusebenza zikagesi, ehlinzeka ngenkundla yokukhweza nokuxhumanisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.Ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane abalulekile ekuzuzeni imiklamo emincane nencane kumishini kagesi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezibambezeleke ngendawo.

Ukubaluleka kokuklama okuwumngcingo kumishini kagesi angeke kweqiswe.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, izinto zikagesi ziba zihlangene futhi ziyaphatheka.Ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane abalulekile ekwenziweni okuncane kwezinto ze-elekthronikhi, okuholela kumadizayini amancane, asebenza kahle kakhulu.Ziphinde zisize ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ezingxenyeni eziminyene ze-elekthronikhi.

Isibonelo sedivayisi esebenzisa amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe amancane isizukulwane sakamuva sama-smartphone.Isidingo sama-smartphones asesitayeleni, angasindi sigqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa kwama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane angakwazi ukumumatha umjikelezo oyinkimbinkimbi odingekayo ezicini zama-smartphone zanamuhla njengamakhamera anokucaca okuphezulu, ukuxhumana kwe-5G nezinzwa ezithuthukile.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe nama-PCBs anobubanzi obuncane

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe abe ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ekwakhiweni kwedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi.Ngokuhlanganisa ama-IC nama-PCB amancane, abaklami bangakha amasistimu e-elekthronikhi ahlanganiswe kakhulu futhi onga isikhala.Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisaukukhiqizaizindleko, kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwemishini kagesi.

Kodwa-ke, ukuklama amasekethe ahlanganisiwe kuma-PCB amancane kuveza izinselelo nokucatshangelwa okuningana.Abaklami badinga ukubhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene nesiginali yobuqotho, ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa, nokubekezelela ukukhiqiza lapho bethuthukisa ama-IC ama-PCB amancane.Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ama-IC nama-PCB amancane adlula kude ubunkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu.

Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IC nama-PCB amancane kubalulekile kuhlanganisa izinto ezigqokekayo, izigxivizo zezokwelapha, nezinhlelo ze-aerospace.Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, izithiyo zosayizi nesisindo kuqhuba isidingo semiklamo ye-elekthronikhi ehlangene kakhulu, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwama-IC abe ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uyiklama kanjani i-PCB Edidiyelwe Yesekethe Enobubanzi obuncane

Ukudizayina amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe obubanzi obuncane be-PCB kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinqubo ezihamba phambili nezindlela zokuthuthukisa.Lapho kwakhiwa ama-IC ama-PCB amancane, izici ezifana nokuminyana komzila, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, nobuqotho besignali kufanele kucatshangelwe.Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuklama athuthukile nezindlela zokulingisa kungasiza ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwamasistimu kagesi ahlanganisiwe.

Izibonelo zezifundo zemiklamo ye-IC ephumelelayo kuma-PCB anobubanzi obuncane zigqamisa ukubaluleka kokubambisana phakathi kwabaklami be-IC, abaklami be-PCB, kanyeabakhiqizi.Ngokusebenzisana eduze, lawa maqembu angakwazi ukuhlonza futhi axazulule izinselele zokuklama ezingaba khona ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni okuyimpumelelo kanye nezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ekuphetheni

Kafushane, ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe anamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anobubanzi obuncane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemishini kagesi yesikhathi esizayo.Njengoba isidingo sabathengi sezinto ze-elekthronikhi ezincane, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu siqhubeka sikhula, isidingo sezinhlelo zikagesi ezididiyelwe kakhulu nezonga isikhala sesivele sigqama kakhulu.Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa zedizayini ye-PCB IC enobubanzi obuncane, abaklami be-elekthronikhi bangahlala ngaphambi kwejika futhi banikeze izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zemakethe.

Ikusasa lomklamo odidiyelwe wesekethe ilele ekuhlanganisweni okungenazihibe kwama-ICs kuma-PCB amancane, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi kagesi esizukulwane esilandelayo ahlangene, awonga amandla, futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu.Ngosizo lochwepheshe ngokuklama kwe-PCB ewumngcingo nokuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, xhumana nethimba lethu lochwepheshe abanolwazi.Sizibophezele ekusizeni ukuthi uzuze okuhle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-elekthronikhi ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobudlelwano.

Kafushane, ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe anamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anobubanzi obuncane kubalulekile esikhathini esizayo somklamo wedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi.Ngokwamukela izindlela ezingcono kakhulu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ekwakhiweni kwe-IC kwama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane, abaklami be-elekthronikhi bangakha izixazululo ezintsha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezishintshayo zemakethe.Uma udinga usizo lochwepheshe ngokuklama nokuhlanganiswa kwama-PCB amancane amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, xhumana nethimba lethu ukuze uthole isiqondiso sochwepheshe.Sizibophezele ekusizeni ukuthi uzuze okuhle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-elekthronikhi ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobudlelwano.