Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (IC) kanye namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anobubanzi obuncane

Ngenisa

Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ICs) kanye namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) ayizingxenye ezibalulekile kuma-electronics wesimanje. Ama-IC aguqule indlela izinto zikagesi eziklanywa futhi zakhiwe ngayo ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi zibe chip eyodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane adlala indima ebalulekile ekunikeni amandla imiklamo yedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ehlangene futhi ephumelelayo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa ama-IC nama-PCB amancane, izinselele nezinzuzo ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa okunjalo, kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuklama ama-IC kuma-PCB amancane.

Iyini isekethe ehlanganisiwe?

Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-microchips noma ama-IC, amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi amancane enziwe ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukene njengezimelaphi, ama-capacitor, nama-transistors ku-wafer ye-semiconductor eyodwa. Lezi zingxenye zixhunywe ukuze zenze imisebenzi ethile, okwenza ama-IC abe amabhulokhi wokwakha wezinto zikagesi. Ama-IC asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, namasistimu ezimoto.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izifunda ezihlanganisiwe zinkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-IC ahlangene ngosayizi, amadivaysi kagesi amancane nalula angathuthukiswa. Asebenzisa amandla amancane futhi akhiqize ukushisa okuncane kunezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-IC anikeza ukwethembeka nokusebenza okwengeziwe, okuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile yemiklamo yesistimu ye-elekthronikhi yesimanje.

Liyini ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe ngobubanzi obuncane?

Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinobubanzi obuncane (PCB) yi-PCB enobubanzi obuncane kune-PCB evamile. I-PCB iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokusebenza zikagesi, ehlinzeka ngenkundla yokukhweza nokuxhumanisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane abalulekile ekuzuzeni imiklamo emincane nencane kumishini kagesi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezibambezeleke ngendawo.

Ukubaluleka kokuklama okuwumngcingo kumishini kagesi angeke kugcizelelwe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, izinto zikagesi ziya ziba minyene futhi ziyaphatheka. Ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane abalulekile ekwenziweni okuncane kwezinto zikagesi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwemiklamo emincane, ne-ergonomic. Ziphinde zisize ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ezingxenyeni eziminyene ze-elekthronikhi.

Isibonelo sedivayisi esebenzisa amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe amancane isizukulwane sakamuva sama-smartphone. Isidingo sama-smartphones asesitayeleni, angasindi sigqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa kwama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane angakwazi ukumumatha umjikelezo oyinkimbinkimbi odingekayo ezicini zama-smartphone zanamuhla njengamakhamera anokucaca okuphezulu, ukuxhumana kwe-5G nezinzwa ezithuthukile.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe nama-PCBs anobubanzi obuncane

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe abe ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ekwakhiweni kwedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-IC nama-PCB amancane, abaklami bangakha amasistimu e-elekthronikhi ahlanganiswe kakhulu futhi onga isikhala. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisaukukhiqizaizindleko, kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwemishini kagesi.

Kodwa-ke, ukuklama amasekethe ahlanganisiwe kuma-PCB amancane kuveza izinselelo nokucatshangelwa okuningana. Abaklami badinga ukubhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene nesiginali yobuqotho, ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa, nokubekezelela ukukhiqiza lapho bethuthukisa ama-IC ama-PCB amancane. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ama-IC nama-PCB amancane adlula kude ubunkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu.

Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IC nama-PCB amancane kubalulekile kufaka phakathi izinto ezigqokekayo, izigxivizo zezokwelapha, namasistimu we-aerospace. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, izithiyo zosayizi nesisindo kuqhuba isidingo semiklamo ye-elekthronikhi ehlangene kakhulu, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwama-IC abe ama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uyiklama kanjani i-PCB Edidiyelwe Yesekethe Enobubanzi obuncane

Ukudizayina amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe obubanzi obuncane be-PCB kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinqubo ezihamba phambili nezindlela zokuthuthukisa. Lapho kwakhiwa ama-IC ama-PCB amancane, izici ezifana nokuminyana komzila, ukuphathwa kokushisa, nobuqotho besignali kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuklama athuthukile nezindlela zokulingisa kungasiza ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwamasistimu kagesi ahlanganisiwe.

Izibonelo zezifundo zemiklamo ye-IC ephumelelayo kuma-PCB anobubanzi obuncane zigqamisa ukubaluleka kokubambisana phakathi kwabaklami be-IC, abaklami be-PCB, kanyeabakhiqizi. Ngokusebenzisana eduze, lawa maqembu angakwazi ukuhlonza futhi axazulule izinselele zokuklama ezingaba khona ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni okuyimpumelelo kanye nezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ekuphetheni

Kafushane, ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe anamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anobubanzi obuncane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemishini kagesi yesikhathi esizayo. Njengoba isidingo sabathengi sezinto ze-elekthronikhi ezincane, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu siqhubeka sikhula, isidingo sezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezididiyelwe kakhulu nezonga isikhala sesivele sigqama kakhulu. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa zedizayini ye-PCB IC enobubanzi obuncane, abaklami be-elekthronikhi bangahlala ngaphambi kwejika futhi banikeze izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zemakethe.

Ikusasa lomklamo odidiyelwe wesekethe ilele ekuhlanganisweni okungenazihibe kwama-ICs kuma-PCB amancane, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi kagesi esizukulwane esilandelayo ahlangene, awonga amandla, futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngosizo lochwepheshe ngokuklama kwe-PCB ewumngcingo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, xhumana nethimba lethu lochwepheshe abanolwazi. Sizibophezele ekusizeni ukuthi uzuze okuhamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwe-electronics ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobudlelwano.

Kafushane, ukuhlanganiswa kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe anamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anobubanzi obuncane kubalulekile esikhathini esizayo somklamo wedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ekwakhiweni kwe-IC kwama-PCB anobubanzi obuncane, abaklami be-elekthronikhi bangakha izixazululo ezintsha ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezishintshayo zemakethe. Uma udinga usizo lochwepheshe ngokuklama nokuhlanganiswa kwama-PCB amancane amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, xhumana nethimba lethu ukuze uthole isiqondiso sochwepheshe. Sizibophezele ekusizeni ukuthi uzuze okuhamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwe-electronics ngobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobudlelwano.