Ukuhlola nokulawula ikhwalithi yamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo

Izinqubo zokuhlola nokulawula ikhwalithi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekulungiseni noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuba lezi zifunda ezivumelana nezimo zihlanganiswe emkhiqizweni wokugcina. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizoxoxa ngezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlola nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo.

Amabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-PCB aguqukayo, athole ukuduma okusabalele embonini yezogesi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nokuma nosayizi abahlukahlukene. Lezi zisekhethi eziguquguqukayo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa i-aerospace, izimoto, izinto zikagesi zabathengi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, nokunye. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwalawa mabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwawo ngempumelelo.

1. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo:

Isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi ukuhlola okubonakalayo. Umsebenzisi oqeqeshiwe kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela ibhodi lesifunda ngalinye eliguquguqukayo ukuze abone noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo noma okudidayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola izingxenye zokungaqondani kahle, ukonakala kokushisela, imihuzuko, i-delamination, nanoma yimuphi omunye umonakalo obonakalayo. Amakhamera anokulungiswa okuphezulu kanye nesoftware yokuthwebula ethuthukisiwe iyatholakala ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlolwa okubukwayo.

2. Ukuhlolwa kosayizi:

Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhodi esekethe avumelana nezimo ahlangabezana nezicaciso ezidingekayo kanye nemikhawulo yokubekezelela. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anembile ukuze kukale ukujiya, ububanzi, nobude besekethe eguqukayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingaphakathi kobubanzi obuchazwe ngaphambilini ukuze kugwenywe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona phakathi nokuhlanganisa noma ukuhlanganisa.

3. Ukuhlolwa kukagesi:

Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza nokusebenza kwamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuhlola amapharamitha kagesi ahlukahlukene njengokumelana, amandla, impedance, nokuqhubeka. Izinto zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo (ATE) zingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa ngokunembile nangempumelelo kanye nokuhlaziya lezi zici zikagesi.

4. Ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana nezimo:

Njengoba inzuzo eyinhloko yamabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo ukuguquguquka kwawo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola amandla abo okumelana nokugoba, ukusonteka noma okunye ukucindezeleka kwemishini. Abahloli bokugoba abakhethekile bangasetshenziswa ukulingisa ukunyakaza okuhlukile nokunquma ukuguquguquka kwesekethe, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo zohlelo oluhlosiwe.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo:

Ukuhlola indawo ezungezile kubandakanya ukubeka amabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina nokuthembeka kwawo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kwezinga lokushisa, ukuhlolwa komswakama, ukushaqeka kokushisa, noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali. Ngokuhlaziya ukuthi isekethe eguquguqukayo isebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ilungele isicelo esithile.

6. Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka:

Ukuhlola ukwethembeka kuklanyelwe ukuhlola ubude bokuphila nokuzinza kwamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo. Ukuhlolwa kwempilo okusheshisiwe kungenziwa ukuze kulingise inqubo yokuguga ngokubeka amasekhethi ezimweni ezisheshayo zengcindezi isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza ubuthakathaka obungaba khona futhi kwenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka noma izinto ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza.

7. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kuyindlela yokuhlola engacekeli phansi evumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi samabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo. Ingabona amaphutha afihliwe njengokuqhekeka, i-voids noma i-delamination engase ingabonakali ngokuhlola okubonakalayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kubaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kumajoyinti e-solder noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zihambisana kahle.

Ngokufigqiwe

Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okuphelele kanye nenqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka, ukusebenza, nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlola okubonwayo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kukagesi, ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana nezimo, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, ukuhlola ukwethembeka kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, abakhiqizi banganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi obuhambisana nalezi zisekethe eziguquguqukayo. Ngokunamathela kulezi zinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi, abakhiqizi banganikeza amakhasimende amabhodi wesifunda athembekile futhi asezingeni eliphezulu afaneleka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.