Ekucutshungulweni kwamabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo aqinile, ubunzima obuyinhloko ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ukucindezela okusebenzayo emalungeni amabhodi. Njengamanje, lokhu kuseyisici abakhiqizi be-PCB okudingeka basinake ngokukhethekile. Ngezansi, uCapel uzokunikeza isingeniso esiningiliziwe samaphuzu amaningana adinga ukunakwa.
I-Rigid Flexible PCB Substrate kanye ne-Prepreg Lamination: Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kokuncishiswa Kwekhasi Lempi kanye Nokunciphisa Ukucindezeleka Okushisayo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza i-substrate lamination noma i-prepreg lamination elula, ukunaka i-wap ne-weft yendwangu yengilazi kubalulekile. Ukungazinaki lezi zici kungase kubangele ukwanda kwengcindezi yokushisa kanye ne-warpage. Ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu evela kunqubo ye-lamination, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kulezi zici. Ake sijule encazelweni yezikhombisi-ndlela ze-warp ne-weft, futhi sihlole izindlela ezisebenzayo zokukhulula ingcindezi eshisayo kanye nokunciphisa i-warpage.
I-Substrate lamination kanye ne-prepreg lamination amasu avamile ekukhiqizeni, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe (ama-PCB), izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nezinto eziyinhlanganisela. Lezi zindlela zibandakanya ukuhlanganisa izendlalelo zezinto ndawonye ukuze zakhe umkhiqizo wokugcina oqinile futhi osebenzayo. Phakathi kokucatshangelwa okuningi kwe-lamination ephumelelayo, ukuqondiswa kwendwangu yengilazi ku-warp ne-weft kudlala indima ebalulekile.
I-Warp ne-weft ibhekisela ezinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko zemicu ezintweni ezilukiwe njengendwangu yengilazi. Isiqondiso se-warp ngokuvamile sihambisana nobude bomqulu, kuyilapho isiqondiso se-weft sihambisana ne-warp. Lezi zimo zibalulekile ngoba zinquma izici zokuwalungisa zezinto, njengamandla aqinile kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional.
Uma kukhulunywa nge-substrate lamination noma i-prepreg lamination, i-warp efanele kanye nokuqondanisa kwe-weft kwendwangu yengilazi kubalulekile ekugcineni izici ezifiselekayo zemishini zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukwehluleka ukuqondanisa kahle lezi zimo kungaholela ebucayini bobuqotho besakhiwo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe ye-warpage.
Ukucindezeleka okushisayo kungenye into ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe ngesikhathi se-lamination. Ingcindezi yokushisa ingcindezi noma ukuwohloka okwenzeka lapho into ingaphansi kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa i-warping, i-delamination, ngisho nokwehluleka komshini kwezakhiwo ezinama-laminated.
Ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka okushisayo futhi uqinisekise inqubo ephumelelayo ye-lamination, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela ethile. Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, qinisekisa ukuthi indwangu yengilazi igcinwa futhi iphathwa endaweni yokushisa elawulwayo ukuze kuncishiswe umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezinto kanye nenqubo yokugcoba. Lesi sinyathelo sisiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungqubuzana ngenxa yokwanda okungazelelwe kokushisa noma ukufinyela.
Ukwengeza, amazinga okushisa alawulwayo kanye nokupholisa ngesikhathi se-lamination angaqhubeka nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo. Ubuchwepheshe buvumela okokusebenza ukuthi kuhambisane kancane kancane nezinga lokushisa, kunciphise ubungozi bokungqubuzana noma izinguquko zobukhulu.
Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube usizo ukusebenzisa inqubo yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisayo njengokuphulukisa kwangemva kwe-lamination. Le nqubo ihilela ukubeka ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esine-laminated ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo futhi kancane kancane ukuze kukhululwe noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka okusalela kokushisa. Isiza ukwehlisa i-warpage, ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional futhi inwebe impilo yemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-laminated.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kucatshangelwa, kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi uhambisane namasu okukhiqiza afanele ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakwa kwe-lamination. Ukukhethwa kwendwangu yengilazi yekhwalithi ephezulu nezinto zokubopha ezihambisanayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokungqubuzana nokucindezeleka okushisayo.
Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa amasu okulinganisa anembile nathembekile, njenge-laser profilometry noma ama-strain gauges, anganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ku-warpage kanye namazinga okucindezeleka ezakhiwo ezilahliwe. Ukuqapha njalo le mingcele kuvumela ukulungiswa kanye nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi lapho kudingeka khona ukuze kugcinwe izindinganiso zekhwalithi ezifunekayo.
Isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinto ezifanele zokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene ukushuba nobulukhuni bezinto.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumabhodi aqinile adinga ukushuba okuthile nokuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okufanele nokuqina.
Ingxenye eguquguqukayo yebhodi eliqinile ngokuvamile incane kakhulu futhi ayinayo indwangu yengilazi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukushaqeka kwemvelo kanye nokushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye eqinile yebhodi kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale izinzile kulezi zici zangaphandle.
Uma ingxenye eqinile yebhodi ingenabo ukujiya okuthile noma ukuqina, umehluko endleleni eshintsha ngayo uma iqhathaniswa nengxenye eguquguqukayo ungabonakala. Lokhu kungabangela ukungqubuzana okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okungathinta kabi inqubo ye-solder kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kwebhodi.
Nokho, lo mehluko ungase ubonakale ungabalulekile uma ingxenye eqinile yebhodi inezinga elithile lokujiya noma ukuqina. Ngisho noma ingxenye eguquguqukayo ishintsha, ukuvuleka okuphelele kwebhodi ngeke kuthinteke. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lihlala lizinzile futhi linokwethenjelwa phakathi ne-soldering kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba ukujiya nobulukhuni kubalulekile, kunemingcele yokujiya okufanele. Uma izingxenye ziba zikhulu kakhulu, ngeke nje ibhodi libe nzima, kodwa futhi lizobe lingenamali. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kogqinsi, ukuqina kanye nesisindo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukujiya okufanele kwamabhodi aqinile. Lezi zivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi ukujiya kuka-0.8 mm kuya ku-1.0 mm kufaneleka kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu, ibhodi lifinyelela izinga elifiselekayo lokuqina nokuqina ngenkathi ligcina isisindo esamukelekayo.
Ngokukhetha ibhodi eliqinile elinokuqina nobulukhuni obufanele, abakhiqizi nabasebenzisi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lizohlala liyisicaba futhi lizinzile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi jikelele nokuthembeka kwenqubo ye-solder kanye nokutholakala kwebhodi.
Izinto okufanele zibhekwe lapho kwenziwa imishini futhi kufanelekile:
amabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo aqinile ayinhlanganisela yama-substrates aguquguqukayo namabhodi aqinile. Le nhlanganisela ihlanganisa izinzuzo ezimbili, ezinakho kokubili ukuguquguquka kwezinto eziqinile nokuqina. Lesi sithako esiyingqayizivele sidinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokucubungula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
Uma ukhuluma ngokwelashwa kwamafasitela aguquguqukayo kulawa mabhodi, ukugaya kungenye yezindlela ezivamile. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili zokugaya: noma ukugaya kuqala, bese ugaya ngendlela eguquguqukayo, noma ngemva kokuqeda zonke izinqubo zangaphambilini nokubumba kokugcina, sebenzisa ukusika kwe-laser ukususa imfucuza. Ukukhethwa kwalezi zindlela ezimbili kuncike esakhiweni nasekushubeni kwebhodi elihlanganisiwe elithambile neliqinile ngokwalo.
Uma iwindi eliguquguqukayo ligaywa kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokugaya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukugaya kufanele kube okunembile, kodwa kungabi kuncane kakhulu ngoba akumele kuthinte inqubo yokushisela. Kulokhu, onjiniyela bangalungisa idatha yokugaya futhi bangagaya ngaphambili efasiteleni eliguquguqukayo ngokufanele. Ngalokhu, i-deformation ingalawulwa, futhi inqubo ye-welding ayithinteki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukhetha ukungaligayi iwindi eliguquguqukayo, ukusika kwe-laser kuzodlala indima. Ukusika i-Laser kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokususa imfucuza yefasitela eguquguqukayo. Nokho, naka ukujula laser cutting FR4. Udinga ukukhulisa amapharamitha wokucindezela ngokufanele ukuze uqinisekise ukusikwa ngempumelelo kwamafasitela aguquguqukayo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imingcele yokucindezela, imingcele esetshenziswa ngokubhekisela kuma-substrates aguquguqukayo namabhodi aqinile ayazuzisa. Lokhu kulungiselelwa okuphelele kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi efanelekile isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokucindezela kongqimba, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe ibhodi elihlanganisiwe eliqinile neliqinile.
Okungenhla yizici ezintathu ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho ucubungula futhi ucindezela amabhodi wesifunda aguquguqukayo aqinile. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana namabhodi esekethe, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi. I-Capel iqongelele iminyaka engu-15 yokuhlangenwe nakho okucebile embonini yebhodi lesifunda, futhi ubuchwepheshe bethu emkhakheni wamabhodi aqinile-flex ivuthiwe impela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023
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