Isikrini sikasilika, esaziwa nangokuthi inganekwane yemaski ye-solder, umbhalo noma izimpawu eziphrintwe ku-PCB kusetshenziswa uyinki okhethekile ukuhlonza izingxenye, abathintwayo, amalogo omkhiqizo kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo. Isebenza njengemephu ukuze iqondise inani labantu be-PCB nokulungisa iphutha, lesi sendlalelo esiphezulu sidlala indima evelele ngokumangazayo ehlanganisa ukusebenza, ukufaka uphawu, izimiso zokulawula kanye nobuhle.
Imisebenzi Esemqoka.
Kumabhodi esekethe aminyene ahlala amakhulu ezingxenye zemizuzu, inganekwane isiza ukwenza umqondo wokuxhumana okuyisisekelo okusekela amadivayisi.
1. Ukuhlonza Ingxenye
Izingxenye zezinombolo, amanani (10K, 0.1uF) kanye nezimpawu ze-polarity (-+) zilebulwe eceleni kwamaphedi ezingxenye ezisiza ukubonwa okusheshayo okubonakalayo phakathi nokuhlanganisa mathupha, ukuhlola nokususa iphutha.
2. Ulwazi Lwebhodi
Imininingwane efana nenombolo ye-PCB, inguqulo, umkhiqizi, umsebenzi webhodi (isikhulisi somsindo, ukunikezwa kwamandla) kuvame ukuhlolelwa usilika ukuze kulandelelwe futhi kuseviswe amabhodi abekiwe.
3. Amaphinikhodi wesixhumi
Ukufakwa kwezinombolo kwephinikhodi kulamula ukufakwa kokusiza kwenganekwane kwezixhumi zekhebula ukuze kuxhunywe nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zebhodi (i-USB, i-HDMI).
4. Uhlaka Lwebhodi
Imigqa yokusika yonqenqema eqoshwe ngokugqamile ikhombisa ubukhulu, umumo namabhodi okusiza ukufakwa kwamaphaneli nokususa amaphaneli.
5. Omaka be-Aids Aids Fiducials eceleni kwezimbobo zamathuluzi basebenza njengendawo eyizethenjwa yemishini yokukhetha nokubeka indawo ezenzakalelayo ukuze kugcwaliswe izingxenye ngokunembile.
6. Izinkomba Ezishisayo Umbala oshintsha izinga lokushisa amalejendi azwelayo angahlaba umkhosi ngezinkinga zokushisisa ngokweqile kumabhodi asebenzayo.
7. Izinto Zokudayisa Amalogo, olayini bomaka nezimpawu eziyingcaca zisiza ukukhomba ama-OEM edivayisi asebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo. Izinganekwane zobuciko zangokwezifiso nazo zengeza ukunotha kobuhle.
Ngokusebenzisa okuncane okuvumela ukusebenza okwengeziwe ngeyintshi yesikwele ngayinye, izinkomba zesikrini sikasilika ziqondisa abasebenzisi nonjiniyela kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo we-PCB.
Ukwakhiwa kanye Nezinto Zokusebenza
Isikrini sikasilika siqukethe uyinki osuselwa ku-epoxy ophrintwe phezu kwesendlalelo semaski ye-solder evumela isisekelo esiluhlaza se-PCB ukuthi sinikeze umehluko ngaphansi. Ukuletha ukulungiswa okubukhali kusuka kudatha ye-gerber eguqulelwe yi-CAD, ukuphrinta kwesikrini okukhethekile, amasu we-inkjet noma ama-photolithography agxilile.
Izici ezifana nokumelana namakhemikhali/umhuzuko, ukuqina kombala, ukunamathela nokuguquguquka kunquma ukufaneleka kokubalulekile:
I-Epoxy -Ivame kakhulu izindleko, ukuhambisana kwenqubo
I-Silicone -Imelana nokushisa okuphezulu
Polyurethane- Flexible, UV ukumelana
I-Epoxy-Polyester - Hlanganisa amandla we-epoxy ne-polyester
Okumhlophe kuwumbala wenganekwane ojwayelekile odumile futhi omnyama, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu nophuzi. Imishini yokukhetha nendawo enamakhamera abheke phansi kodwa ikhetha amamaski amhlophe noma aphuzi ngokuphaphathekile ngaphansi ukuze ahluke ngokwanele ukuze abone izingxenye.
Ubuchwepheshe be-PCB obuthuthukisiwe buthuthukisa amakhono enganekwane:
Oyinki Abashumekiwe- Oyinki bafakwe ku-substrate baletha izimpawu ezimelana nokuguga/ukudabuka
Uyinki Ophakanyisiwe- Yakha inganekwane ethintekayo ehlala isikhathi eside elungele amalebula ezixhumi, amaswishi njll.
I-Glow Legends- Iqukethe impushana ekhanyayo ekhokhiswa ngokukhanya ukuze ikhanye ekubonakaleni kokusiza okumnyama
Izinganekwane Ezifihliwe- Uyinki obonakala kuphela ngaphansi kokukhanyisa kwe-UV gcina ubumfihlo
I-Peel-off - Izinganekwane ezihlehliswa ezendlalelo eziningi zembula ulwazi njengoba ludingeka ngesendlalelo ngasinye sesitika
Isebenza ngaphezu kwezimpawu eziyisisekelo, oyinki be-legend abahlukahlukene banika amandla ukusebenza okwengeziwe.
Ukubaluleka Kwezokukhiqiza
I-PCB silkscreen yenza kube lula ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo kokuhlanganiswa kwamabhodi amaningi. Imishini yokukhetha nendawo incike ezinhlakeni zezingxenye kanye nemininingwane kunganekwane ukuze:
Amabhodi okubeka phakathi nendawo
Ukuhlonza izingxenye zezinombolo/amanani ngokubonwa kwezinhlamvu ezibonakalayo
Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona/ukungabikho kwezingxenye
Ihlola ukuqondanisa kwe-polarity
Ukubika ukunemba kokubekwa
Lokhu kusheshisa ukulayisha okungenaphutha kwezingxenye ze-chip ezincane njengosayizi ongu-0201 (0.6mm x 0.3mm)!
Amakhamera we-post-population, i-automated optical inspection (AOI) aphinde abhekisele kule nganekwane ukuze iqinisekise:
Lungisa ingxenye/inani
Ukuma okulungile
Ukumatanisa imininingwane (5% ukumelana ne-resistor njll)
Ikhwalithi yokuqedela ibhodi ngokumelene nama-fiducials
Amabhakhodi e-matrix afundeka ngomshini namakhodi e-QR aqoshwe enganekwaneni asiza ngokuhlanganisa amabhodi awaxhumanise nedatha yokuhlola efanele.
Kude nokukha phezulu, izinkomba zesikrini sikasilika zishayela ngokuzenzakalela, ukulandeleka kanye nekhwalithi kuwo wonke ukukhiqizwa.
Amazinga e-PCB
Izinkambiso zemboni zibusa izinto ezithile eziyisibopho zesikrini sikasilika ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana nokunakekelwa kwezindawo zikagesi.
I-IPC-7351 - Izidingo Ezijwayelekile Zokuklanywa Kwentaba Yokuphezulu kanye Nezinga Lephethini Yomhlaba
I-ID yengxenye eyimpoqo ene-reference designator (R8,C3), uhlobo (RES,CAP) kanye nevelu (10K, 2u2).
Igama lebhodi, ulwazi lwebhulokhi yesihloko
Izimpawu ezikhethekile ezifana nomhlabathi
I-IPC-6012 – Ukufaneleka kanye Nokusebenza Kwamabhodi Aphrintiwe Aqinile
Uhlobo lwezinto (FR4)
Ikhodi yedethi (YYYY-MM-DD)
Imininingwane yephaneli
Izwe/umsuka wenkampani
Ibhakhodi/ikhodi ye-2D
I-ANSI Y32.16 - Izimpawu Zezithombe Zemidwebo kagesi kanye ne-Electronics
Izimpawu zamandla kagesi
Izimpawu zomhlaba ezivikelayo
Amalogo wesexwayiso se-electrostatic
Izihlonzi ezibonakalayo ezijwayelekile zisheshisa ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenkambu.
Izimpawu Zezinyawo Ezivamile
Ukusebenzisa kabusha omaka besikrini sikasilika abafakazelwe ezingxenyeni ezivamile kugcina ukuvumelana kuyo yonke imiklamo ye-PCB esiza ukuhlanganiswa.
| Ingxenye | Isimboli | Incazelo | |———–|——————| | Umphikisi |
| Uhlaka lukanxande lubonisa uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, inani, ukubekezelela kanye namandla | | I-Capacitor |
| Isakhiwo se-semicircular radial/stacked esinevelu yomthamo | | Diode |
| Umugqa womcibisholo ubonisa isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanje okujwayelekile | | I-LED |
| Ifanisa ukuma kwephakheji ye-LED; ikhombisa i-cathode/anode | | Ikristalu |
| Ikristalu ye-quartz eyenziwe isitayela ene-hexagonal/parallelogram enamaphini aphansi | | Isixhumi |
| I-silhouette yomndeni yengxenye (USB,HDMI) enamaphini anezinombolo| | Testpoint |
| Amaphedi okuhlola ayindilinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe nokuxilongwa | | Iphedi |
| Umaka we-Edge wedivayisi yokukhweza ephakathi nendawo | | Okuhle |
| Ukubhaliswa kwe-crosshair kusekela ukuqondanisa okuzenzakalelayo kokubona |
Ngokusekelwe kumongo, omaka abafanelekile basiza ukubonwa.
Ukubaluleka Kwekhwalithi Yesikrini Silk
Ngama-PCB aqinisayo, ukukhiqiza kabusha imininingwane emihle kubangela izinselele ezinokwethenjelwa. Ukuphrinta kwelejendi okusebenzayo okuphezulu kufanele kulethe:
1. Izimpawu Zokunemba ziqondaniswe ngokunembile namaphedi okufikela afanelekile, imiphetho njll ezigcina ukufana okungu-1:1 nezici eziyisisekelo.
2. I-Legibility Crisp, izimpawu zokugqama okuphezulu zifundeka kalula; Umbhalo omncane ≥1.0mm ubude, Imigqa Emihle ≥0.15mm ububanzi.
3. Ukuqina Namathela ngokungenasici ezintweni eziyisisekelo ezahlukahlukene; imelana nokucubungula/ukucindezeleka kokusebenza.
4. Ubukhulu bokubhalisa buhambisana ne-CAD yasekuqaleni evumela ukukhanya kwembondela ukuze kuhlolwe okuzenzakalelayo.
Inganekwane engaphelele enezimpawu ezingaqondakali, ukuqondanisa okugwegwile noma ukubopha okunganele kuholela ezinkingeni zokukhiqiza noma ukwehluleka kwenkundla. Ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yesikrini sikasilika engaguquki igcizelela ukwethembeka kwe-PCB.
Ngisho nezihlonzi ezincane zinokubaluleka okukhulu ukuqondisa ukusebenza kwesistimu okunenjongo.
Amathrendi asafufusa
Ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekuphrinteni okunembayo kukhulisa amandla esikrini sikasilika:
Uyinki Oshumekiwe: Angcwatshwa ngokucophelela phakathi kwezendlalelo, izinganekwane ezishumekiwe zigwema ukuguga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugqwala okudingekayo ku-aerospace, ukuzivikela kanye nogesi wezimoto.
Izinganekwane Ezifihliwe: Izimpawu zezimbali ze-ultraviolet ezingabonakali ezibonakala kuphela ngaphansi kokukhanyisa kwe-UV zisiza ukufihla ulwazi olubalulekile lokufinyelela oluyimfihlo njengamaphasiwedi kumasistimu avikelekile.
Izendlalelo Zekhasi: Izitika ezinezingqimba ezisekelayo ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baveze imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokufunwa.
Uyinki Ophakanyisiwe: Dala izimpawu zokuthinta eziqinile ezilungele izinkinobho zokulebula, ama-toggles nezimbobo zokusebenzelana ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezigxile kumuntu.
Ukuthinta kobuciko: Imibala egqamile nemifanekiso yangokwezifiso iboleka ukunotha kobuhle kuyilapho ilondoloza ukusebenza.
Ngokusebenzisa intuthuko enjalo, isikrini sikasilika sanamuhla sinikeza ama-PCB amandla okwazisa, ukuvikela, ukusiza, ngisho nokujabulisa abasebenzisi kuyilapho egcina ubunikazi obuyinhloko.
Izibonelo
Ukuqanjwa kwelejendi kubonakala kuzo zonke izizinda:
I-SpaceTech - I-Mars Perseverance rover ye-NASA ngo-2021 yathwala ama-PCB anezinganekwane ezishumekiwe eziqinile ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima.
I-AutoTech - Umphakeli wezimoto waseJalimane u-Bosch ngo-2019 wembula ama-PCB ahlakaniphile anezitikha ezikhishwayo eziveza idatha yokuxilonga kuphela kubathengisi abagunyaziwe.
I-MedTech – I-FreeStyle Libre ye-Abbott ye-FreeStyle Libre ehlola i-glucose eqhubekayo yezemidlalo iphakamise izinkinobho ezithintekayo ezivumela okokufaka okulula ngeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezingaboni kahle.
I-5G Telecom – I-chipset yeselula yakwaHuawei i-Kirin 9000 inezinganekwane ezinemibala eminingi ezigqamisa izizinda ezifana ne-application processor, imodemu ye-5G kanye ne-AI logic.
Amageyimu - Uchungechunge lwamakhadi ehluzo lwe-Nvidia's GeForce RTX lufaka ukuhlolwa kukasilika wesiliva we-premium kanye namalogo ensimbi aletha isikhalazo se-Enthusiast.
I-IoT Wearables - I-Fitbit Charge smart band ipakisha ama-PCB anezinzwa eziningi anomaka wezingxenye eziminyene ngaphakathi kwephrofayili emincane.
Ngempela, isikrini sikasilika esinempilo ngokulinganayo ekhaya kumagajethi omthengi noma amasistimu ayisipesheli siyaqhubeka nokuphakamisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi kuzo zonke izindawo.
Evolution of Amakhono
Iqhutshwa yizimfuno zemboni ezingenakuguqulwa, ukusungulwa kwenganekwane kuyaqhubeka nokuveza amathuba amasha.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Q1. Ungakwazi yini ukwenza isikrini sikasilika izinhlangothi zombili ze-PCB?
Yebo, isikrini sikasilika esiseceleni esiphezulu siphatha izimpawu eziyinhloko (ezingxenyeni ezigcwele) kuyilapho uhlangothi olungezansi luhlanganisa amanothi ombhalo aphathelene nokukhiqizwa njengamaphaneli emingcele noma imiyalelo yomzila. Lokhu kugwema ukuhlanganisa ukubuka komhlangano ophezulu.
Q2. Ingabe isendlalelo semaski ye-solder sivikela inganekwane yesikrini sikasilika?
Imaski ye-solder efakwe phezu kwethusi elingenalutho ngaphambi kokuba isikrini sikasilika sinikeze ukumelana kwamakhemikhali nokwemishini ukuvikela uyinki wenganekwane entekenteke ngaphansi ekucubunguleni izincibilikisi nezingcindezi zokuhlanganisa. Ngakho-ke womabili asebenza ngokubambisana namathrekhi okuvikela imaski kanye nenani labantu abayinganekwane.
Q3. Buyini ubukhulu obujwayelekile besikrini sikasilika?
Ifilimu yeyinki yesikrini sikasilika eselashiwe ivamise ukukala phakathi kwama-3-8 mils (75 – 200 microns). Izingubo eziwugqinsi ezingaphezu kuka-10 mils zingathinta indawo yokuhlala kuyilapho ukumbozwa okuncane okuncane kwehluleka ukuvikela inganekwane. Ukwandisa ukujiya kuqinisekisa ukuqina okwanele.
Q4. Ungakwazi ukufaka iphaneli kusendlalelo sesikrini sikasilika?
Ngempela izici zephaneli ezifana nezinhla zebhodi, amathebhu ahlukanayo noma izimbobo zamathuluzi zisiza ekuhleleni ama-PCB ahlotshisiwe okucubungula/ukuphathwa kweqoqo. Imininingwane yeqembu imakwe kangcono esikrinini sikasilika esihlala phezulu esivumela ukubonakala okungcono kunezendlalelo zangaphakathi.
Q5. Ingabe izikrini zikasilika eziluhlaza ziyakhethwa?
Nakuba noma yimuphi umbala obonakala kalula usebenza, imigqa yokuhlanganisa insada ikhetha izinganekwane ezimhlophe noma eziluhlaza kunamabhodi amatasa noma anombala omnyama asiza ukuqashelwa ngamakhamera abheke phansi. Kodwa-ke, amakhamera asathuthuka anqoba imikhawulo, avule izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezinemibala.
Ukujwayelana nezimo ezikhulayo zokukhiqiza nokusebenza, isikrini sikasilika se-PCB esizikhukhumezayo sikhuphukela kumcimbi oletha ubuhle ngobulula! Inika amandla abasebenzisi nonjiniyela ngokufanayo kuwo wonke ukukhiqizwa kanye nemijikelezo yempilo yomkhiqizo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuba ezinto zikagesi. Ngempela, abathulisa abangabazayo, izihlonzi ezincane eziphrintiwe ezihlakazeke kuwo wonke amabhodi zikhuluma kakhulu ezivumela i-cacophony yezimangaliso zesimanje zobuchwepheshe!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-06-2023
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