I-Mastering Controlled Impedance Design yamabhodi we-PCB

Yethula:

Esikhathini sanamuhla sobuchwepheshe esisheshayo, idizayini ye-PCB idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nobuqotho besignali. Isici esibalulekile sokuklama kwe-PCB yi-impedance elawulwayo, ebhekisela emandleni okugcina ukumelana okunembile kusekethe.Kule bhulogi, sihlola amathuba edizayini ye-impedance elawulwayo kumabhodi esekethe e-PCB nokuthi u-Capel, umholi wemboni othembekile oneminyaka engu-15 yokuhlangenwe nakho, usebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe bakhe obuqinile ukuze athole imiphumela ephakeme kakhulu.

Funda mayelana nedizayini ye-impedance elawulwayo:

Idizayini ye-impedance elawulwayo ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu njengoba iqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwamadivayisi kagesi. I-Impedans ukumelana nesekethe ehlinzeka ngokugeleza kokushintshana kwamanje (AC). Idlala indima ebalulekile ekufaniseni izici zesignali phakathi kwezingxenye, ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela kwesignali, nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo.

Ukubaluleka kwedizayini ye-impedance elawulwayo:

Kumabhodi wesekethe we-PCB, ukugcina i-impedance elawulwayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuwohloka kwesignali ngenxa yokungahambisani kahle kwe-impedance. Uma i-impedance ingalawulwa ngendlela efanele, ukuboniswa nokuhlanekezelwa kwesignali kungenzeka, kubangele ukonakala kwedatha futhi kuthinteke ekugcineni ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi.

Ubuqotho besignali bubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu njengezikhungo zedatha, ezokuxhumana kanye nama-electronics omthengi. Ukwehluleka ukuthola ukuthintana okulawulwayo kungaholela emazingeni ancishisiwe edatha, amanani amaphutha anyuswe, kanye nezinkinga ze-EMI, ezithinta ukuthembeka okuphelele nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula impedance ye-Capel:

Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 embonini yebhodi lesifunda, u-Capel usephenduke uzakwethu othembekile wezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-PCB design. Ubuchwepheshe obuqinile benkampani nokuzibophezela ekuletheni ikhwalithi eyingqayizivele kubenze ochwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwe-impedance elawulwayo.

Ulwazi olubanzi lukaCapel lwamazinga embonini afana ne-IPC-2221, IPC-2141 kanye ne-IPC-2251 lubavumela ukuba baklame amabhodi wesifunda we-PCB ngokunaka okukhethekile ekulawuleni i-impedance. Baqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bemigqa yokudlulisela, izinto ze-dielectric, ububanzi bethrekhi, isikhala, nezinye izici ezithinta i-impedance.

Indlela ye-Capel's Controlled Impedance Design Method:

Ukuze kuzuzwe idizayini yokuvimbela elawulwayo, i-Capel isebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe athuthukisiwe ukuze ilingise, ihlaziye futhi ilungiselele ukwakheka kwe-PCB. Ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokulingisa ye-3D EM, amathuluzi okuhlaziya ubuqotho besignali kanye nezibali ze-impedance, i-Capel iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhodi e-PCB aklanyelwe abonisa izici ze-impedance ezingaguquki.

Onjiniyela abanekhono baseCapel basebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze balawule ngempumelelo i-impedance. Baklama ngokucophelela izintambo zokudlulisela, kucatshangelwa ubude bazo, ububanzi, nokungaguquki kwe-dielectric kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa amapheya ahlukile anezithintelo ezifanayo ukuze banciphise i-crosstalk futhi baqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okunembile.

Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile ze-Capel zifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-impedance okujulile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Basebenzisa ukunemba okuphezulu kwe-TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) amathuluzi okuqinisekisa amanani e-impedance kanye nokugcina amazinga adingekayo e-impedance.

Izinzuzo ze-Capel controlled impedance design:

Ngokubambisana ne-Capel ekwakhiweni kwe-impedance elawulwayo, amakhasimende athola izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

1. Ubuqotho besignali obuthuthukisiwe:Ubuchwepheshe be-Capel buqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali bugcinwa, kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlanekezelwa kwesignali kanye nenkohlakalo yedatha.
2. Ukusebenza okuphezulu:Ukulawula okunembayo kungakhuphula amanani edatha, kunciphise amanani amaphutha, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kukonke kwamadivayisi kagesi.
3. Ukuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe:Ngokususa ukungafani kwe-impedance nokuboniswa kwesignali, idizayini ye-Capel ithuthukisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo futhi inciphisa ithuba lokwehluleka noma ukwehluleka.
4. Ukunciphisa i-EMI:Ukulawulwa okufanele kwe-impedance kusiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana kwe-EMC (ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic).
5. Isikhathi esisheshayo sokumaketha:Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe athuthukile kanye nezinqubo ezilula ze-Capel zisheshisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuklama nokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, okuholela ekuqalisweni komkhiqizo ngokushesha.

Ekuphetheni:

Idizayini ye-impedance elawulwayo iyisici esibalulekile samabhodi wesekethe we-PCB ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besignali nokusebenza kahle. Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-15 nobungcweti obuqinile, u-Capel usephenduke uzakwethu okhethwayo wemboni ukuze agcwalise ngobuchwepheshe izidingo zedizayini ezilawulwayo ze-impedance. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi esoftware athuthukile kanye nokunaka ngokucophelela imininingwane, i-Capel ihlale iletha amabhodi e-PCB ekhwalithi ephezulu ahlangabezana nokucaciswa kokulawula okunzima kakhulu. Thembela u-Capel ukuthi asebenzise ubuchwepheshe babo ukuze aholele uhlelo lwakho lwe-elekthronikhi empumelelweni ngomklamo we-impedance olawulwa kakhulu.