Ungayenza Kanjani Ngempumelelo Iphrothokholi ye-High-Speed ​​​​Datacom PCB

Yethula:

Ukwenza i-prototyping yebhodi lesekethe eliphrintiwe (PCB) elinamandla okuxhumana kwedatha yesivinini esikhulu kungaba umsebenzi onzima. Nokho, ngendlela efanele nolwazi, kungase futhi kube okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo nokuzuzisayo.Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola inqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo yokwenza i-PCB engaphatha ngempumelelo ukuxhumana kwedatha okunesivinini esikhulu.

Funda mayelana nezidingo:

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwenzeni i-PCB enokuxhumana kwedatha enesivinini esikhulu ukuqonda ngokucacile izidingo. Cabangela izici ezifana nezinga lokudluliswa kwedatha elidingekayo, izimiso namazinga azosetshenziswa, kanye nomsindo nokuphazamiseka kwesekethe okudingeka imelane. Lokhu kuqonda kokuqala kuzokuqondisa kunqubo.

Khetha izingxenye ezifanele:

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwedatha okunesivinini esikhulu, kubalulekile ukukhetha izingxenye ezifanele ze-PCB. Bheka izingxenye ezinempendulo yefrikhwensi ephezulu kanye ne-jitter ephansi. Kubalulekile ukubuyekeza imininingwane kanye nemininingwane ngokucophelela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iyahlangabezana nezidingo zakho. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezithuthukile njengama-transceiver anesivinini esiphezulu noma ama-serializers/deserializers (SerDes) ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza.

Isakhiwo se-PCB design:

Isakhiwo se-PCB sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuzuzeni ukuxhumana kwedatha okunesivinini esikhulu. Naka ubuqotho besignali, ukufanisa ubude kanye nokulawula i-impedance. Sebenzisa amasu afana nokubonisa umehluko, umzila we-stripline, nokugwema ukugoba okubukhali ukuze unciphise ukuhlanekezela kwesignali kanye ne-crosstalk. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa izindiza eziphansi nezinamandla ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI).

Idizayini yokulingisa nokuhlaziya:

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwe-prototype, umklamo kufanele ulingiswe futhi uhlaziywe. Sebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe afana ne-SPICE (Uhlelo Lwe-Integrated Circuit Emphasis Simulation) noma isifanisi sogesi ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza komklamo wakho. Bheka noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokuboniswa kwesignali, ukwephulwa kwesikhathi, noma umsindo oweqisayo. Ukwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo phakathi nesigaba sokuklama kuzokonga isikhathi futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokwehluleka ngesikhathi senqubo ye-prototyping.

Ukukhiqiza ama-PCB prototypes:

Uma umklamo usuqediwe futhi waqinisekiswa ngokulingisa, i-PCB prototype ingakhiqizwa. Amafayela okuklama angathunyelwa enkampanini ekhiqiza i-PCB, noma, uma unezinsiza ezidingekayo, ungacabangela ukukhiqiza ama-PCB endlini. Qinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokukhiqiza ekhethiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo zesivinini esikhulu, njengezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilawulwa yi-impedance nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukuhlanganisa i-prototype:

Uma usuthole i-prototype ye-PCB eqediwe, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izingxenye. Dala ngokucophelela ingxenye ngayinye ku-PCB, unake ngokukhethekile iminonjana yesignali ebucayi yesivinini esikhulu. Sebenzisa amasu e-solder afanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amalunga akho e-solder ahlanzekile futhi anokwethenjelwa. Ukulandela imikhuba nezindinganiso ezingcono kakhulu zemboni kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga ezingaba khona njengamabhuloho athengiswayo noma ukuxhumana okuvulekile.

Hlola futhi uqinisekise ama-prototypes:

Uma iprototype ye-PCB isihlanganisiwe, idinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele futhi iqinisekiswe. Sebenzisa okokusebenza kokuhlola okufanele, okufana ne-oscilloscope noma i-network analyzer, ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kokuxhumana kwedatha. Hlola izimo ezihlukahlukene, okufaka phakathi amanani edatha ahlukene, imithwalo ehlukahlukene kanye nemithombo yomsindo esengozini, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-PCB ihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo. Bhala noma yiziphi izinkinga noma imikhawulo etholwe phakathi nokuhlolwa ukuze kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe uma kudingeka.

Phinda futhi ulungise idizayini:

I-Prototyping iyinqubo ephindaphindwayo, futhi izinselele noma izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe ngokuvamile kuzohlangatshezwana nazo phakathi nesigaba sokuhlola. Hlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa, thola izindawo ongazithuthukisa, futhi usebenzise izinguquko zedizayini ngendlela efanele. Khumbula ukucabangela ubuqotho besignali, ukucindezelwa kwe-EMI, nokuba nokwenzeka kokukhiqiza lapho wenza izinguquko. Phinda umklamo nezigaba zokuhlola njengoba kudingeka kuze kube yilapho ukusebenza okufiselekayo kokuxhumana kwedatha okunesivinini esiphezulu kufinyelelwa.

Ekuphetheni:

Ukwenza iphrothokholi ye-PCB enokuxhumana kwedatha enesivinini esikhulu kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukunaka imininingwane, nokubambelela ezenzweni ezihamba phambili. Ngokuqonda izimfuneko, ukukhetha izingxenye ezifanele, ukuklama isakhiwo esithuthukisiwe, ukulingisa nokuhlaziya idizayini, ukukhiqiza i-PCB, ukuyihlanganisa kahle, nokuhlola kahle nokuphindaphinda kuma-prototypes, ungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ama-PCB asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze asebenze kahle. Ukuxhumana kwedatha enesivinini esikhulu. Qinisa imiklamo ngokuqhubekayo futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva namazinga ukuze uhlale uphambi kwejika kule nkambu ehlala ishintsha.