Ungawafaka kanjani ama-PCB usebenzisa i-High-Speed ​​Memory Interfaces

I-prototyping yebhodi lesekethe ephrintiwe (PCB) enezindawo zokusebenzelana zenkumbulo enesivinini esikhulu kungaba umsebenzi oyinselele. Abaklami bavame ukubhekana nobunzima bokuqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali, ukunciphisa umsindo, nokuzuza ukusebenza kwesivinini esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezindlela ezilungile namathuluzi, kuyenzeka ukuthi unqobe lezi zinselele futhi ufanise ngempumelelo ama-PCB okuxhumana kwenkumbulo enesivinini esikhulu.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola amasu ahlukahlukene kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ze-PCB prototyping sisebenzisa inkumbulo yesivinini esikhulu. Sizoxoxa ngobuqotho besignali, ukunciphisa umsindo, nokubaluleka kokukhetha izingxenye ezifanele. Ngakho-ke, ake singene emhlabeni we-prototyping yenkumbulo esheshayo!

Funda mayelana nobuqotho besignali

Ubuqotho besiginali budlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kokusebenzelana kwenkumbulo enesivinini esikhulu. Isho ikhwalithi yamasignali kagesi adlula iminonjana ye-PCB nezixhumi. Ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali obufanele, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nokufanisa i-impedance, amasu okunqamula, kanye nemizila elawulwayo ye-impedance.

Ukumatanisa kokuphazamiseka kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukubonakaliswa kwesignali okungadala ukonakala kwedatha kanye nezinkinga zesikhathi. Kubandakanya ukuklama ulayini wokudlulisela onokuphazamiseka kwesici okufana nomthombo kanye nezinto eziphazamisayo zokulayisha. Amathuluzi esofthiwe afana ne-Altium Designer kanye ne-Cadence Allegro angasiza ukubala futhi ahlaziye amanani okuvimbela amathrekhi abalulekile.

Ubuchwepheshe bokunqamula busetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukubonakaliswa kwesignali nokuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa kwesignali okuhlanzekile. Izindlela ezidumile zokuqeda zihlanganisa ukunqanyulwa kochungechunge, ukunqanyulwa okufanayo, nokunqanyulwa okuhlukile. Ukukhetha indlela yokunqamula kuncike kusixhumi esibonakalayo sememori ethile kanye nekhwalithi yesignali edingekayo.

Umzila wokuvinjelwa olawulwayo ubandakanya ukugcinwa kobubanzi bokulandela umkhondo okungaguquki, izikhala, nokunqwabelaniswa kwesendlalelo ukuze kuzuzwe inani elithile le-impedance. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwenkumbulo enesivinini esikhulu njengoba kusiza ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesignali nokugcina ubuqotho besignali.

Nciphisa umsindo

Umsindo uyisitha senkumbulo yesivinini esikhulu. Ingonakalisa idatha, yethule amaphutha, futhi yehlise izinga lokusebenza kwesistimu iyonke. Ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo, izindlela ezifanele zokubeka phansi, ama-capacitor e-decoupling, nokuhlaziywa kobuqotho bokuphakelwa kwamandla kubalulekile.

Amasu okubeka phansi ahlanganisa ukudala indiza eqinile ephansi kanye nokunciphisa indawo ye-loop yaphansi. Indiza yaphansi eqinile isiza ukuvimbela umsindo obangelwa izingxenye eziseduze futhi inciphisa i-crosstalk. Izindawo ze-loop ephansi kufanele zincishiswe ngokudala ukuxhunywa komhlaba okuyingxenye eyodwa kuzo zonke izingxenye.

Ama-Decoupling capacitor asetshenziselwa ukumunca umsindo we-high-frequency kanye nokuzinzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ukubeka ama-decoupling capacitor eduze kwama-memory chips anesivinini esikhulu nezinye izinto ezibalulekile kubalulekile ekunikezeni amandla ahlanzekile kanye nokunciphisa umsindo.

Ukuhlaziywa kobuqotho bamandla kusiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezingaba khona zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Amathuluzi afana ne-SIwave, PowerSI, ne-HynxLynx ahlinzeka ngamakhono okulingisa ukuze ahlaziye inethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamandla futhi akhombe izindawo ezidinga ukuguqulwa ukuze kusebenze kahle.

Ukukhetha ingxenye

Ukukhetha izingxenye ezifanele ze-prototyping yesixhumi esibonakalayo esinesivinini esikhulu kubalulekile. Izingxenye ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zikagesi nezesikhathi zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile nokunembile. Okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile lapho ukhetha izingxenye zifaka:

1. I-Memory Chip:Khomba ama-memory chips adizayinelwe ukuxhumana okunesivinini esikhulu futhi unikeze umthamo odingekayo kanye nokusebenza. Izinketho ezidumile zifaka i-DDR4, i-DDR5, i-LPDDR4 ne-LPDDR5.

2. Izixhumi:Sebenzisa izixhumi zekhwalithi ephezulu ezikwazi ukuphatha amasignali anesivinini esikhulu ngaphandle kokubanga ukuncishiswa kwesignali. Qinisekisa ukuthi izixhumi zinokulahleka okuphansi kokufaka, i-crosstalk ephansi nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-EMI.

3. Idivayisi yewashi:Khetha idivayisi yewashi enganikeza isignali yewashi ezinzile nenembile. Amajeneretha ewashi asuselwa ku-PLL noma ama-crystal oscillator avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwenkumbulo enesivinini esikhulu.

4. Izingxenye ze-Passive:Khetha izinto ezingenzi lutho ezifana nezimelayo, ama-capacitor, nama-inductors ahlangabezana nezidingo ze-impedance, capacitance, namavelu e-inductance.

Amathuluzi Wokwenza I-Prototyping kanye Namasu

Manje njengoba sesixoxile ngezinto ezibalulekile zokuklama inkumbulo yesivinini esikhulu, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola amathuluzi wokwenza i-prototyping namasu atholakala kubaklami be-PCB. Amanye amathuluzi namasu asetshenziswa kabanzi ahlanganisa:

1. Isofthiwe yokuklama ye-PCB:Sebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama ye-PCB ethuthukisiwe njenge-Altium Designer, i-Cadence Allegro, noma i-Eagle ukuze udale izakhiwo ze-PCB. Lawa mathuluzi esofthiwe ahlinzeka ngemithetho yedizayini enesivinini esikhulu, izibali ze-impedance, namandla okulingisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besignali.

2. Imishini yokuhlola enesivinini esikhulu:Sebenzisa okokusebenza kokuhlola okunesivinini esiphezulu okufana nama-oscilloscopes, izihlaziyi ezinengqondo, namajeneretha esignali ukuze uqinisekise futhi ulungise iphutha ledizayini yesixhumi esibonakalayo. Lawa mathuluzi asiza ukuthwebula nokuhlaziya amasignali, ukulinganisa ubuqotho besignali, nokuhlonza izinkinga.

3. Amasevisi Okukhiqiza E-PCB:Uzakwethu nezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza ze-PCB ezithembekile ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni i-PCB enesivinini esikhulu nokuminyana okuphezulu. Laba bakhiqizi baqinisekisa ukunemba, ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi ekukhiqizeni i-prototype.

4. Ukulingisa ubuqotho besignali:Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-HyperLynx, i-SIwave, noma i-Cadence Sigrity ukuze wenze isilingiso sobuqotho sesignali ukuze uqinisekise umklamo, uhlonze izinkinga ezingaba khona zesignali yobuqotho, futhi ulungiselele umzila ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka kwesignali.

Ngokusebenzisa lawa mathuluzi namasu, ungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lempumelelo yemizamo yakho ye-prototyping yenkumbulo yesivinini esikhulu. Khumbula ukuphindaphinda, ukuhlola, nokuthuthukisa idizayini yakho ukuze usebenze kahle.

Ekuphetheni

Ukuklama nokwenza i-prototyping i-PCB enenkumbulo yesivinini esiphezulu kungaba umsebenzi onzima. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqonda izimiso zesiginali yobuqotho, ukunciphisa umsindo, ukukhetha izingxenye ezifanele, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele wokwenza i-prototyping namasu, ungaqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okuyimpumelelo.

Ukucatshangelwa okufana nokufanisa i-impedance, amasu okunqamula, ukulawulwa kokuvinjelwa komzila, ukubeka phansi okufanele, ama-capacitor aqaqa, nokuhlaziywa kobuqotho bokuphakelwa kwamandla kubalulekile ekuzuzeni ubuqotho besignali nokunciphisa umsindo. Ukukhetha okucophelelayo nokubambisana nomkhiqizi we-PCB onokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe isixhumi esibonakalayo senkumbulo esebenza kahle.

Ngakho-ke, zinike isikhathi sokuhlela, ukuklama, kanye nokufanekisa i-PCB yakho yesixhumi esibonakalayo senkumbulo enesivinini esikhulu, futhi uzobe usesimweni esihle ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zamasistimu kagesi wesimanje. I-prototyping ejabulisayo!