Uyenza kanjani i-PCB enezidingo zomsindo ophansi

Ukwenza isifanekiso sebhodi lesekethe eliphrintiwe (PCB) elinezidingo zomsindo ophansi kungaba umsebenzi oyinselele, kodwa nakanjani kungafezwa ngendlela efanele nokuqonda imigomo namasu ahilelekile.Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izinyathelo nokucatshangelwa okungakusiza ukuthi udale imifanekiso ye-PCB enomsindo ophansi. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale!

1. Qonda umsindo kuma-PCB

Ngaphambi kokungena kunqubo ye-prototyping, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi uyini umsindo nokuthi uwathinta kanjani ama-PCB. Ku-PCB, umsindo ubhekisela kumasignali kagesi angafuneki angabangela ukuphazamiseka futhi aphazamise indlela yesiginali oyifunayo. Umsindo ungadalwa izinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphazanyiswa kuka-electromagnetic (EMI), amaluphu aphansi, nokubekwa kwengxenye engafanele.

2. Khetha izingxenye zokuthuthukisa umsindo

Ukukhethwa kwengxenye kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umsindo kuma-prototypes e-PCB. Khetha izingxenye eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komsindo, njengezikhulisi zomsindo ophansi nezihlungi. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukusebenzisa amadivaysi okukhweza komhlaba (ama-SMD) esikhundleni sezingxenye zembobo, njengoba anganciphisa amandla e-parasitic kanye ne-inductance, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze ukusebenza okungcono komsindo.

3. Ukubekwa kwengxenye efanele kanye nomzila

Ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukubekwa kwezingxenye ku-PCB kunganciphisa kakhulu umsindo. Hlanganisa izingxenye ezizwelayo umsindo ndawonye futhi kude namandla aphezulu noma izingxenye zefrikhwensi ephezulu. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlangana komsindo phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene zesekethe. Uma uhambisa umzila, zama ukuhlukanisa amasignali anesivinini esikhulu kanye namasignali anesivinini esiphansi ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka kwesignali okungadingekile.

4. Izendlalelo eziphansi kanye namandla

Ukubekwa phansi okufanelekile nokusabalalisa amandla kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB engenamsindo. Sebenzisa izindiza ezizinikezele ezisekelwe phansi kanye namandla ukuze unikeze izindlela zokubuya ezinezihibe eziphansi zamagagasi amaza aphezulu. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi futhi kuqinisekise inkomba yesignali ezinzile, kunciphise umsindo enqubweni. Ukuhlukanisa isisekelo sesignali ye-analog nedijithali kunciphisa nakakhulu ingozi yokungcoliswa komsindo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe besekethe bokunciphisa umsindo

Ukusebenzisa amasu esekethe yokunciphisa umsindo kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komsindo okuphelele kwama-PCB prototypes. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ama-decoupling capacitor kumareyili wamandla futhi eduze nezingxenye ezisebenzayo kungacindezela umsindo we-high-frequency. Ukusebenzisa amasu okuvikela, afana nokubeka amasekhethi abalulekile ezindaweni ezivalekile zensimbi noma ukwengeza isivikelo esisekelwe phansi, kunganciphisa nomsindo ohlobene ne-EMI.

6. Ukulingisa nokuhlola

Ngaphambi kokuthi isifanekiso se-PCB sikhiqizwe, ukusebenza kwayo kufanele kulingiswe futhi kuhlolwe ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuxazululwe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nomsindo. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulingisa ukuze uhlaziye ubuqotho besignali, ubala izingxenye ze-parasitic, futhi uhlole ukusakazeka komsindo. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-PCB ihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zomsindo ophansi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokukhiqiza.

Ngokufigqiwe

I-Prototyping PCBs anezidingo eziphansi zomsindo kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene. Unganciphisa kakhulu umsindo ekwakhiweni kwakho kwe-PCB ngokukhetha izingxenye ezithuthukisa umsindo, ukunaka ukubekwa kwezingxenye nendlela, ukwenza kahle izindiza zaphansi nezinamandla, usebenzisa amasu esekethe okwehlisa umsindo, kanye nokuhlola kahle ama-prototypes.