Indlela yokwenza kahle i-PCB ene-EMI/EMC evikelayo

Emhlabeni ohlale uvela wezinto zikagesi, ukuvikela i-PCB (Printed Circuit Board) nge-EMI/EMC (Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility) kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zihlangu ziklanyelwe ukunciphisa imisebe ye-electromagnetic kanye nomsindo okhishwa izinto zikagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okufanele nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokulawula.

Kodwa-ke, onjiniyela abaningi kanye nabathandi bokuzilibazisa bayazabalaza ukuze bathole ukuvikela okusebenzayo kwe-EMI/EMC ngesikhathi sesiteji sokufanekisa se-PCB.Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizoxoxa ngezinyathelo ezihilelekile ekufaniseni ngempumelelo i-PCB ene-EMI/EMC evikelayo, sikunikeze ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze unqobe noma yiziphi izinselele ongahlangabezana nazo.

1. Qonda ukuvikela kwe-EMI/EMC

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubamba imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuvikela i-EMI/EMC. I-EMI isho amandla kazibuthe angafuneki angase aphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinto zikagesi, kuyilapho i-EMC ibhekisela emandleni edivayisi okusebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo kazibuthe ngaphandle kokubangela noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka.

Ukuvikela i-EMI/EMC kufaka amasu nezinto ezisiza ukuvikela amandla kazibuthe kagesi ukuthi ahambe futhi abangele ukuphazamiseka. Ukuvikela kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuqhuba, njenge-foil yensimbi noma upende ohambisayo, okwakha umgoqo ezungeze umhlangano we-PCB.

2. Khetha impahla efanele yokuvikela

Ukukhetha okokuvikela okufanele kubalulekile ekuvikeleni okusebenzayo kwe-EMI/EMC. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuvikela zihlanganisa ithusi, i-aluminium nensimbi. I-Copper ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo kagesi enhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinto zokuzivikela, njengezindleko, isisindo kanye nokulula kokwenziwa.

3. Hlela isakhiwo se-PCB

Ngesikhathi se-PCB prototyping stage, ukubekwa kwengxenye kanye nokuqondiswa kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela. Ukuhlelwa okufanele kwesakhiwo se-PCB kunganciphisa kakhulu izinkinga ze-EMI/EMC. Ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zefrikhwensi ephezulu kanye nokuzihlukanisa nezingxenye ezizwelayo kusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kwe-electromagnetic.

4. Sebenzisa amasu okumisa

Amasu okwehlisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izindaba ze-EMI/EMC. Ukubeka phansi okufanelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwe-PCB zixhunywe endaweni eyireferensi evamile, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ubungozi bezihibe zomhlaba kanye nokuphazamiseka komsindo. Indiza yaphansi eqinile kufanele idalwe ku-PCB nazo zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile ezixhunywe kuyo.

5. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela

Ngaphezu kokukhetha izinto ezifanele, ukusebenzisa amasu okuvikela kubalulekile ekwehliseni izinkinga ze-EMI/EMC. Lawa masu ahlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukuvikela phakathi kwamasekhethi azwelayo, ukubeka izingxenye endaweni evalekile ephansi, nokusebenzisa amathini avikelekile noma izivalo ukuze uhlukanise ngokoqobo izingxenye ezizwelayo.

6. Lungiselela ubuqotho besignali

Ukugcina ubuqotho besignali kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Ukusebenzisa amasu afanele omzila wesignali, njengokusayina okuhlukile kanye nomzila olawulayo we-impedance, kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa kwesignali ngenxa yamathonya angaphandle kazibuthe kagesi.

7. Hlola futhi uphinde

Ngemuva kokuthi isifanekiso se-PCB sesihlanganisiwe, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-EMI/EMC kufanele kuhlolwe. Izindlela ezehlukene, ezifana nokuhlola ukungcola nokuhlola ukuthambekela, kungasiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe bokuvikela obusetshenziswayo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, ukuphindaphinda okudingekayo kungenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela.

8. Sebenzisa amathuluzi e-EDA

Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-electronic design automation (EDA) kungenza kube lula kakhulu inqubo ye-PCB prototyping futhi kusize ekuvikeleni i-EMI/EMC. Amathuluzi e-EDA ahlinzeka ngamakhono anjengokulingisa kwenkundla kazibuthe, ukuhlaziya ubuqotho besignali, nokwenza kahle kwesakhiwo sengxenye, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhombe izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi bathuthukise imiklamo yabo ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.

Ngokufigqiwe

Ukuklama ama-PCB prototypes ngokuvikela okusebenzayo kwe-EMI/EMC kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okufanele nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokulawula.Ngokuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuvikela i-EMI/EMC, ukukhetha izinto ezifanele, ukusebenzisa amasu afanele, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi e-EDA, onjiniyela nabathanda ukuzilibazisa banganqoba ngempumelelo izinselele zalesi sigaba esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-PCB. Ngakho-ke yamukela le mikhuba futhi ungene ohambweni lwakho lwe-PCB prototyping ngokuzethemba!