Izinto Nesakhiwo Sebhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe Eliguquguqukayo

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-PCB aguquguqukayo futhi sihlole inqubo yokwakha, siveze ubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo ngemuva kwala mabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo.

Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe aguqukayo (ama-PCB) aguqule imboni yezogesi ngokuhlinzeka ngenye indlela eguquguqukayo kuma-PCB endabuko aqinile. Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezinto zokwakha kuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kokuklama, ukwethembeka nokusebenza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe aguqukayo

Ama-PCB aguquguqukayo enziwe ngenhlanganisela yezinto ezihlukile ukuze kwandiswe ukuguquguquka kwawo nokuqina. Ake sihlolisise ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwayo:

1. Izinto eziyisisekelo:
Isisekelo sanoma iyiphi i-PCB eguquguqukayo yi-substrate material. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka i-polyimide (PI), i-polymer eguquguquka kakhulu futhi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. I-PI inamandla amahle kakhulu emishini, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zokufaka izinto. Enye impahla ye-substrate ethandwayo i-polyester (PET), enikeza ukuguquguquka ngezindleko eziphansi. Lezi zinto zivumela amabhodi wesifunda ukuthi agobe, asonte futhi azivumelanise nezimo nobukhulu obuhlukene.

2. Izinto zokuqhuba:
Ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezakhi zesekethe ezihlukene, kusetshenziswa izinto zokuqhuba ezifana nethusi. I-Copper ingumqhubi kagesi omuhle kakhulu onokuguquguquka okuhle futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe aguquguqukayo. I-foil yethusi ezacile i-laminated ku-substrate ukuze kwakheke amasekhethi kanye nemikhondo edingekayo ekuxhumekeni kukagesi.

3. Izinto zokumboza:
Izinto ezimbondelene zisebenza njengesendlalelo esivikelayo ku-PCB eguquguqukayo. Bahlinzeka ngokuvikela, ukuvikeleka kwemishini, nokumelana nezinto zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, uthuli, namakhemikhali. Imbondela ye-Polyimide isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ukuguquguquka nokuqina.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe aguquguqukayo

Inqubo yokwakha ye-PCB eguquguqukayo ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana ezahlukene. Ake sihlole isigaba ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe:

1. Ukulungiswa kwe-substrate:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwakheni i-PCB eguquguqukayo ukulungisa i-substrate material. I-substrate ekhethiwe, noma ngabe i-polyimide noma i-polyester, iphathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuqhwaga obungaphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokunamathela. Lokhu kwelashwa kusiza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziqhutshwayo ku-substrate.

2. Idizayini yesiyingi nesakhiwo:
Okulandelayo, sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-computer-aid design (CAD) ukuze udale idizayini yesifunda nesakhiwo. Idizayini inquma ukubekwa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ebhodini lesifunda kanye nomzila wokuxhunywa kukagesi. Lesi sinyathelo sidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezifana nobuqotho besignali, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, nokuphathwa kokushisa.

3. Ukunamathisela nokunamathisela:
Ngemuva kokuthi umklamo wesifunda usuqediwe, inqubo yokufaka i-etching yenziwa ku-substrate. Sebenzisa isixazululo samakhemikhali ukuze ukhethe ngokukhetha ithusi eliningi, ushiye iminonjana yesifunda namaphedi oyifunayo. Ngemuva kwe-etching, ibhodi lesifunda ligcwele ungqimba oluncane lwethusi, oluthuthukisa indlela yokuhambisa futhi luqinisekise uxhumano oluzinzile lukagesi.

4. Imaski ye-solder nokuphrinta isikrini:
I-solder mask iyisendlalelo sokuzivikela esisetshenziswa ebusweni bebhodi lesifunda. Ivikela iminonjana yethusi kusuka ku-oxidation, i-solder bridging, namanye amathonya angaphandle. Bese iphrintwa isikrini ukuze kwengezwe izimpawu, ezifana namalebula ezingxenye noma izinkomba ze-polarity, ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganisa nokuxazulula inkinga.

5. Ukufakwa nokuhlanganisa izingxenye:
Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zifakwe kuma-PCB aguquguqukayo kusetshenziswa imishini ye-automated surface mount technology (SMT) noma amasu okuhlanganisa okwenziwa ngesandla. Solder izingxenye ku-pads usebenzisa amasu okunamathisela afana nokugeleza kabusha noma i-wave soldering. Naka ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye ziqondaniswe kahle futhi zixhumeke ngokuphephile.

6. Ukuhlola nokuhlola:
Uma ibhodi lesifunda selihlanganisiwe, lidlula ekuhlolweni okuqinile kanye nenqubo yokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwalo kanye nekhwalithi. Yenza izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo ezifana ne-In-Circuit Testing (ICT) noma i-Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) ukuze kutholwe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okungenzeka noma ukuxhumana okungalungile. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo wokugcina uthunyelwe.

Ama-PCB aguqukayo abe yinketho yokuqala yezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho izithiyo zesikhala, ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto zayo eziyingqayizivele nezindlela zokwakha zivumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso, usayizi oncishisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Kusukela embonini ye-aerospace kuya kumishini yezokwelapha nezinto zikagesi zabathengi, ama-PCB avumelana nezimo ashiye uphawu lwawo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Ngokufigqiwe

Ama-PCB aguqukayo anikeza uhla lwezinzuzo ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo nezinto zokwakha.Inhlanganisela yezinto eziyisisekelo, izinto eziqhutshwayo kanye nesembozo sokuzivikela kuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka, ukuqina nokuthembeka. Ukuqonda inqubo yokwakhiwa kwamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe avumelana nezimo kusinika ukuqonda ngobuchwepheshe obumangalisayo ngemuva kwala mabhodi esekethe ahlukahlukene. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, ama-PCB avumelana nezimo azoqhubeka nokubamba indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lemboni yezogesi.