Iqinisekisa ukuzinza futhi inciphise umsindo kuma-PCB anezingqimba eziyi-12 ukuze uthole isignali ebucayi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu

Amabhodi wesifunda awumgogodla wanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi, esekela ukuhamba kwezimpawu namandla. Nokho,uma kukhulunywa ngemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi efana namabhodi anezingqimba eziyi-12 asetshenziswa ekudluliselweni kwesignali ebucayi kanye nezicelo ze-voltage ephezulu, ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezindaba zomsindo zingaba nzima. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

Ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kubalulekile kumasekhethi kagesi, njengoba ukushintshashintsha noma ukuphazamiseka kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle noma ngisho nokulimala unomphela.Ngokufanayo, umsindo ungaphazamisa ukudluliswa kwesignali, ubangele amaphutha futhi wehlise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, ungathuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka uma usebenzisa amabhodi esekethe anezendlalelo ezingu-12 ezinhlelweni ezibucayi.

1. Hlela ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kahle:Ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwamandla kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuzinza nomsindo. Qala ngokuhlaziya ngokucophelela izidingo zamandla esekethe futhi uthuthukise isu lokusabalalisa elicatshangelwayo. Khomba izizinda zamandla abalulekile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zinezindiza zamandla ezizinikele noma amanethiwekhi kagesi asabalalisiwe. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza ukuvimbela umsindo ovela engxenyeni ethile ephazamisa enye, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amathuba okonakala kwesignali.

2. Lungiselela ama-decoupling capacitor:Ama-Decoupling capacitor adlala indima ebalulekile ekusimamiseni ukunikezwa kwamandla nokunciphisa umsindo. Lawa ma-capacitor agcina amandla kagesi futhi awakhulule ngesikhathi sezidingo zamanje kungazelelwe, eqinisekisa amazinga kagesi azinzile. Ukuze uthuthukise ukuqaqa, beka ama-capacitor ngokuhlelekile eduze kwamandla nezikhonkwane zaphansi zezingxenye ezibucayi. Inhlanganisela yama-capacitor yenani eliphansi neliphezulu kunethiwekhi ehlelwe ngokucophelela inikeza ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo phezu kwebanga elibanzi.

3. Ukubekwa kwengxenye ngokucophelela:Ukubekwa kwengxenye kuyisici esibalulekile sokunciphisa umsindo. Qala ngokubeka izingxenye zemvamisa ephezulu, njengama-oscillator namajeneretha wewashi, eduze nokunikezwa kwamandla ngangokunokwenzeka. Lezi zingxenye zingenwa kalula nomsindo, futhi ukuzibeka eduze nendawo yamandla kunciphisa ithuba lokuhlangana komsindo. Ngokufanayo, gcina izingxenye ezizwelayo kude nezingxenye ezinomsindo, ukulandelelwa kwamandla aphezulu, noma eminye imithombo engaba khona yokuphazamiseka.

4. Ukucatshangelwa kokunqwabelanisa ungqimba:Ukucushwa kwesitaki sesendlalelo esifanele kubalulekile ekwehliseni umsindo nezinkinga zokudlulisa amandla. Cabangela ukungeza amandla azinikele kanye nezindiza eziphansi phakathi kwezendlalelo zesignali ukuze uthuthukise ubuqotho besignali futhi unciphise i-crosstalk. Ukwengeza, ukuhlukanisa imikhondo yamandla kagesi aphezulu kusukela ekulandeleni kwesignali ebucayi ngokuyibeka izendlalelo ezihlukene kusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlangana komsindo. Lapho unquma ukulungiselelwa kwesitaki esingcono kakhulu, kuyazuzisa ukusebenza nomklami we-PCB onesipiliyoni.

5. Idizayini ye-impedance elawulwayo:Ukungafani kwe-impedance kungathula ukuboniswa kwesignali futhi kwehlise ukusebenza. Ekudluliseleni isignali ebucayi, ukulawula impedance kuba okubalulekile. Qiniseka ukuthi ukulandelelwa kwesignali kunobubanzi obulungile, isikhala, nogqinsi lwethusi ukuze kuzuzwe i-impedance edingekayo. Ngokugcina i-impedance elawulwayo kuyo yonke isekethe, unganciphisa ukuhlanekezela kwesignali futhi uthuthukise ubuqotho bedatha.

6. Ukuvikela okusebenzayo kwe-EMI/EMC:Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI) kanye nokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC) kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesekethe. Sebenzisa izivalo ze-conductive ukuvikela izingxenye ezizwelayo noma usebenzise amathini avikelwe ensimbi ukuze unciphise imiphumela ye-EMI. Ukwengeza, sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokubeka phansi ezifana nokubeka phansi inkanyezi noma ukusebenzisa indiza ephansi ukuze unciphise izinkinga zomsindo.

7. Ukuhlola nokuhlaziya okuphelele:Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwebhodi lesifunda, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwalo. Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana nama-oscilloscopes, abahlaziyi be-spectrum, nesofthiwe yobuqotho besignali ukuze uhlaziye ikhwalithi yesignali, ukuqina kwamandla, namazinga omsindo. Khomba noma yiziphi izindawo ezikukhathazayo futhi ulungise umklamo wakho ngokufanele. Ngokuhlola okuphindaphindiwe nokuhlaziya, ungafinyelela ukuzinza kwakho okuhle nokusebenza komsindo.

Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, ungakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokusimama kwamandla kanye nezinkinga zomsindo kumabhodi esekethe anezendlalelo ezingu-12, ikakhulukazi ekudluliseni isignali ebucayi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla kagesi aphezulu. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okufanele, ukunqanyulwa okuthuthukisiwe, ukubekwa kwengxenye ehlakaniphile, nokucatshangelwa kokunqwabelanisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwesekethe efanele. Ngakho-ke, tshala isikhathi nomzamo kulezi zindawo ukuze udale umklamo oqinile nothembekile we-PCB.