6 Ungqimba lwe-Pcb kagesi ukuzinza kanye nezinkinga zomsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka kanye nemishini iba nzima kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile kubaluleka kakhulu.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-PCB anezingqimba ezi-6, lapho ukuqina kwamandla nezinkinga zomsindo zingathinta kakhulu ukudluliswa kwesignali ebucayi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola amasu ahlukahlukene okuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngempumelelo.

1. Qonda ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla:

Ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kusho ikhono lokuhlinzeka nge-voltage engaguquki kanye neyamanje ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ku-PCB. Noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka noma izinguquko zamandla zingabangela lezi zingxenye ukuthi zingasebenzi kahle noma zilimale. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhomba nokulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuzinza.

2. Khomba izinkinga zomsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla:

Umsindo wokuphakelwa kwamandla yizinguquko ezingafuneki ku-voltage noma amazinga amanje ku-PCB. Lo msindo ungaphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezingxenye ezizwelayo, okubangela amaphutha, ukungasebenzi kahle, noma ukusebenza okonakele. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukukhomba nokunciphisa izinkinga zomsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba:

Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezinkinga zomsindo ukubeka phansi okungafanele. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokubeka phansi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza futhi kunciphise umsindo. Cabangela ukusebenzisa indiza yaphansi eqinile ku-PCB ukuze unciphise amaluphu aphansi futhi uqinisekise amandla okubhekisela afanayo. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa izindiza zaphansi ezihlukene zezigaba ze-analog nedijithali kuvimbela ukuhlangana komsindo.

4. I-Decoupling capacitor:

Ama-Decoupling capacitor abekwe kahle ku-PCB amunca futhi ahlunge umsindo we-high-frequency, athuthukisa ukuzinza. Lawa ma-capacitor asebenza njengemithombo yamandla endawo, enikeza amandla asheshayo ezingxenyeni phakathi nemicimbi yesikhashana. Ngokubeka ama-decoupling capacitor eduze nezikhonkwane zamandla e-IC, ukuzinza kwesistimu nokusebenza kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.

5. Inethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kwe-impedance ephansi:

Ukudizayina amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla angasebenzi kahle (ama-PDN) kubalulekile ekwehliseni umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla nokugcina uzinzo. Cabangela ukusebenzisa imikhondo ebanzi noma izindiza zethusi ukuze uthole izintambo zikagesi ukuze unciphise i-impedance. Ukwengeza, ukubeka ama-bypass capacitor eduze kwezikhonkwane zamandla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukulandelelwa kwamandla amafushane kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-PDN.

6. Ukuhlunga nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela:

Ukuze uvikele amasiginali azwelayo emsindweni wokuphakelwa kwamandla, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuhlunga kanye nokuvikela. Sebenzisa isihlungi se-low-pass ukuze unciphise umsindo we-high-frequency ngenkathi uvumela isignali oyifunayo ukuthi idlule. Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ezifana nezindiza eziphansi, ukuvala ithusi, noma izintambo ezivikelekile kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuhlangana komsindo nokuphazamiseka okuvela emithonjeni yangaphandle.

7. Isendlalelo samandla esizimele:

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla kagesi aphezulu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindiza zamandla ezihlukene kumazinga ahlukene kagesi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlangana komsindo phakathi kwezizinda zamandla kagesi ezihlukene, kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele bokuhlukanisa, obufana nama-isolation transformer noma ama-optocouplers, kungathuthukisa ukuphepha futhi kunciphise izinkinga ezihlobene nomsindo.

8. Ukulingisa kwangaphambili nokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo:

Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okulingisa nokwenza ukuhlaziya kwesakhiwo sangaphambili kungasiza ekuhlonzeni okungaba khona ukuzinza nomsindo ngaphambi kokuphothula idizayini ye-PCB. Lawa mathuluzi ahlola ubuqotho bamandla, ubuqotho besignali, kanye nezindaba zokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC). Ngokusebenzisa amasu omklamo oshayelwa ukulingisa, umuntu angakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi athuthukise isakhiwo se-PCB ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza.

Ekuphetheni:

Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa umsindo wokuphakelwa kukagesi yizinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa kwe-PCB design ephumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ekudluliselweni kwesignali ebucayi nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi aphezulu. Ngokwamukela amasu afanele okubeka phansi, kusetshenziswa ama-capacitor anqamulayo, ukuklama amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa angenawo amandla aphansi, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlunga nokuvikela, kanye nokwenza ukulingisa nokuhlaziya okwanele, lezi zinkinga zingaxazululwa ngempumelelo futhi kuzuzwe ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile nokuthembekile. Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-PCB eklanywe kahle kuncike kakhulu ekunakeni ekuzinzeni kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokwehliswa komsindo.