Izixazululo ze-PCB ze-4-Layer: I-EMC kanye Nemithelela Yobuqotho Besiginali

Umthelela womzila webhodi lesekhethi enezendlalelo ezi-4 kanye nesikhala sesendlalelo ekusebenzisaneni kukazibuthe kagesi nobuqotho besignali ngokuvamile kudala izinselele ezibalulekile konjiniyela nabaklami. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokuphumelelayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kwemishini kagesi.Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizoxoxa ngokuthi singayixazulula kanjani inkinga yomthelela wezintambo zebhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba ezi-4 kanye nesikhala sesendlalelo ekusebenzisaneni kwe-electromagnetic kanye nobuqotho besignali.

Uma kukhulunywa ngomthelela webhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba ezi-4 ekuhambisaneni kuka-electromagnetic (EMC) nobuqotho besignali, okunye okukhathazayo okukhulu ukuthi kungenzeka kube yi-crosstalk.I-Crosstalk inhlanganisela engadingeki yamandla kazibuthe kagesi phakathi kokulandela umkhondo noma izingxenye eziseduze ku-PCB, okubangela ukuhlanekezela kwesignali nokuwohloka. Ukwahlukanisa ngendlela efanele kanye nesikhala phakathi kwemikhondo kunganciphisa kakhulu le nkinga.

Ukuthuthukisa i-EMC nobuqotho besignali, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama engenza ukulingisa nokuhlaziya okunembile.Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe afana nezixazululi zenkundla ye-electromagnetic, abaklami bangahlola amandla e-crosstalk ezindaweni ezibonakalayo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ne-prototyping ebonakalayo. Le ndlela yonga isikhathi, yehlisa izindleko, futhi ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomklamo iyonke.

Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukukhetha kwezinto zokwakha ze-PCB.Inhlanganisela yezinto ezifanele ze-dielectric kanye nogqinsi olulungile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwe-electromagnetic kwe-PCB. Izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinokulahleka kwe-dielectric okuphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezilawulwayo zokuvimba zisiza ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali futhi zinciphise ukukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic.

Ukwengeza, isikhala sesendlalelo ngaphakathi kwebhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba ezi-4 singathinta kakhulu i-EMC nobuqotho besignali.Ngokufanelekile, isikhala phakathi kwezendlalelo ze-PCB eziseduze kufanele sithuthukiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe kagesi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusabalala kwesignali efanele. Amazinga emboni kanye nemihlahlandlela yokuklama kufanele kulandelwe lapho kunqunywa isikhala sesendlalelo esifanele sohlelo oluthile.

Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, amasu alandelayo angasetshenziswa:

1. Ukubekwa kwengxenye ngokucophelela:Ukubekwa kwengxenye okusebenzayo kusiza ukunciphisa i-crosstalk ku-PCB. Ngokubeka izinto ngobuchule, abaklami banganciphisa ubude bokulandelela isignali yesivinini esikhulu futhi banciphise ukuphazamiseka okungaba khona kozibuthe kagesi. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisana nezingxenye ezibucayi namasekethe abucayi.

2. Idizayini yesendlalelo esiphansi:Ukuzuza ungqimba oluqinile lomhlabathi kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokulawula i-EMC nokuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali. Isendlalelo esingaphansi sisebenza njengesihlangu, sinciphisa ukusabalala kwamagagasi kagesi futhi sivimbele ukuphazamiseka phakathi kokulandela amasignali ahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa amasu afanele okumisa phansi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ama-vias amaningi ukuxhuma izindiza ezingaphansi kwezendlalelo ezahlukene.

3. Idizayini yesitaki sezendlalelo eziningi:Idizayini yesitaki efanelekile ibandakanya ukukhetha ukulandelana kwesendlalelo esifanele sesignali, izendlalelo zomhlabathi, namandla. Izitaki eziklanywe ngokucophelela zisiza ukufeza i-impedance elawulwayo, ukunciphisa i-crosstalk, nokuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali. Izimpawu zesivinini esiphezulu zingahanjiswa kungqimba lwangaphakathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka okuvela emithonjeni yangaphandle.

Ubuchwepheshe bukaCapel ekuthuthukiseni i-EMC nobuqotho besignali:

Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-15, u-Capel uyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zakhe zokukhiqiza futhi esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-EMC nobuqotho besignali. Amaphuzu avelele we-Capel ami kanje:
- Ucwaningo Olubanzi:U-Capel utshala imali ocwaningweni olunzulu ukuze ahlonze amathrendi avelayo nezinselele ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB ukuze ahlale ngaphambi kwejika.
- Imishini yesimanjemanje:I-Capel isebenzisa amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu ukwenza ama-PCB aguquguqukayo nama-PCB aqinile aguquguqukayo, iqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi.
- Ochwepheshe Abanamakhono:I-Capel inethimba lochwepheshe abanolwazi abanolwazi olunzulu kulo mkhakha, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kanye nokwesekwa kokuthuthukisa i-EMC kanye nesiginali yobuqotho.

Ngokufigqiwe

Ukuqonda umthelela womzila webhodi lesekhethi enezingqimba ezi-4 kanye nesikhala sesendlalelo ekusebenzisaneni kukazibuthe nobuqotho besignali kubalulekile ekwakhiweni okuyimpumelelo kwedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Ngokusebenzisa ukulingisa okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanele, nokusebenzisa amasu okuklama aphumelelayo, onjiniyela banganqoba lezi zinselele futhi baqinisekise ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-PCB nokuthembeka.Ngokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi nokuzibophezela ekusebenzeni kahle, u-Capel uhlala engumlingani onokwethenjelwa ekunqobeni lezi zinselele. Ngokusebenzisa amasu asebenzayo ekuhlelweni kwebhodi, ukubeka phansi kanye nomzila wesignali, kuyilapho besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Capel, abaklami banganciphisa i-EMI, bathuthukise ubuqotho besignali, futhi bakhe amabhodi athembeke kakhulu nasebenza kahle.