4-Layer PCB | I-Multi Circuit | Amandla Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha Womfutho Wegazi

Emhlabeni wemishini yezokwelapha, ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba, ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka. Phakathi kwentuthuko ehlukahlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwamasekethe athuthukile nama-PCB avumelana nezimo kuyishintshe kakhulu imboni yezokwelapha.Lapha sizohlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-PCB obunezingqimba ezi-4 bungasekela kanjani amadivayisi wezokwelapha omfutho wegazi.

Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ze-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 ukuqina kwayo, ikakhulukazi endabeni yamasekethe asekelwe eshidini lensimbi.Ukuqina kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwemishini yezokwelapha njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqina komkhiqizo. Ukunemba kubalulekile uma kuziwa emishinini yokuhlola umfutho wegazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamapuleti ensimbi ku-PCB kukhulisa ukuqina kwesekethe, kuvimbela noma yikuphi ukugoba noma ukugoba okungathinta ukunemba kokufundwa komfutho wegazi.

I-Advanced Circuits Flex PCB iyi-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 enikeza izinzuzo eziningi zemishini yezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ukuqapha umfutho wegazi. Ake sihlolisise izici zalolu hlobo oluthile lwe-PCB:

1. Inombolo yezendlalelo: Ukucushwa kwe-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 kunikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa kwamadivayisi okuqapha umfutho wegazi. Izendlalelo ezengeziwe zinikeza isikhala esengeziwe somzila nokubeka izingxenye, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa eziningi nemisebenzi yokucubungula idatha ebhodini. Lokhu kuvumela idivayisi ukuthi iqoqe idatha kusuka kuzinzwa ezihlukahlukene njengezinzwa zokucindezeleka nezinzwa zokushaya kwenhliziyo, futhi icubungule idatha ngokunembile ukuze ithole ukufundwa komfutho wegazi okunembile. Ukucushwa kwezendlalelo ezi-4 futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele nokuthembeka kwedivayisi yokuqapha umfutho wegazi.

2. Ububanzi bomugqa nesikhala somugqa:Ububanzi bomugqa nesikhala ku-PCB budlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukudluliswa kwesignali okunembile kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka. Ububanzi bomugqa ongu-0.12mm kanye nephimbo lomugqa ongu-0.15mm kunikeza ukulungiswa okuhle komzila onembile wokulandela amasignali ku-PCB. Emishinini yezokwelapha efana neziqaphi zomfutho wegazi, ukudluliswa kwesignali okunembile kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe izilinganiso ezinembile nezithembekile. Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa okuncane noma ukuphazamiseka esignali kungaholela ekufundweni kwengcindezi yegazi okungalungile, okungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yesiguli. Ngokusebenzisa ububanzi bemigqa emihle namaphitshi, amasignali kagesi angadluliselwa ngokunembile nangempumelelo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa kwesignali, i-crosstalk, nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe, ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezilinganiso zomfutho wegazi.

3. Ukujiya kwebhodi:Ukukhetha ubukhulu bebhodi obungu-0.2mm kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa lapho uhlanganisa i-PCB eguquguqukayo kudivayisi yezokwelapha egqokekayo yomfutho wegazi. Okokuqala nje, ukujiya kwebhodi elincane kwenza i-PCB ibe lula. Lokhu kubalulekile ezintweni ezigqokwayo njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi azizizwa zikhulu noma zisindwa uma zigqokwa. I-PCB engasindi futhi eguquguqukayo inikela ekunethezekeni komsebenzisi, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bagqoke kalula idivayisi isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphatheka kabi. Ukwengeza, ukuguquguquka kwe-PCB kuyivumela ukuthi igobe futhi ihambisane nokuma kwedivayisi egqokekayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulingana okungcono futhi kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka komsebenzisi njengoba idivayisi ijwayelana ngokukhululekile namakhonto omzimba. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphuka kwe-PCB noma ukulinyazwa ngenxa yokugoba okuphindaphindiwe noma ukunyakaza. Iphrofayili ephansi ye-PCB ithuthukisa futhi ukunethezeka komsebenzisi. Ngokugcina i-PCB izacile, yehlisa inqwaba engase icasule noma iphazamise umuntu oyigqokile. Idizayini yephrofayili ephansi iqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlala ihlakaniphile, iyenze ingabonakali kwabanye.

4. Ugqinsi lwethusi:Ukukhethwa kogqinsi lwethusi ku-PCB kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kukagesi kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali efanele, okubaluleke kakhulu ekulinganiseni umfutho wegazi okunembile nokuthembekile. Kulokhu, ukushuba kwethusi kwe-35um (micrometers) kufanelekile ukugcina ibhalansi enhle phakathi kwe-conductivity nokuguquguquka. I-Copper iyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu enogqinsi oluyi-35um, eyenza ukuhamba kahle kwezimpawu zikagesi kuyo yonke imikhondo ye-PCB. I-conductivity kagesi ephumelelayo ehlinzekwa ngethusi iqinisekisa ukuthi isignali yomfutho wegazi idluliselwa ngokunembile isuka kunzwa iye ezingxenyeni zokucubungula zedivayisi. Noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa kwesignali noma ukuhlanekezela okungenzeka ngenxa ye-conductivity enganele kungabangela ukufundwa okungamanga futhi kufake engozini ukunemba nokuthembeka kwezilinganiso zomfutho wegazi. Ukwengeza, ubukhulu bethusi obufanele busiza ukunciphisa ukumelana, i-impedance, kanye nokunciphisa isignali. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezibucayi ezifana nokulinganisa umfutho wegazi, lapho ukuphazamiseka kwesignali okuncane kungase kuthinte kakhulu ukunemba kokufundwayo.

5. Imbobo encane: Usayizi omncane wokuvula ongu-0.2mm uvumela ukubekwa okunembayo nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ku-PCB eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqondana kahle kwenzwa nesixhumi ukuze kuthathwe idatha enembile futhi idluliselwe.Nansi indlela eqinisekisa ngayo ukuthi izinzwa nezixhumi ziqondaniswe kahle ukuze kuthathwe idatha enembile futhi idluliselwe:

Ukubekwa Kwengxenye:

Usayizi omncane wokumboza uvumela ukubekwa okunembile kwezingxenye kuma-PCB aguqukayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuzinzwa nezixhumi ezithambile, njengoba ukuqondanisa okunembayo kuqinisekisa ukuthintana nokusebenza okufanele.
Ukuqondanisa Inzwa:

Ukuqondanisa kwenzwa okunganembile kungaholela ekutholweni kwedatha okungalungile. Inzwa inosayizi omncane wokuvula ongu-0.2mm futhi ingaqondaniswa ngokunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana kahle nethagethi kanye nesilinganiso sedatha esinembile.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesixhumi:

Izixhumi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni idatha phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene. Usayizi omncane wokuvula uvumela ukubekwa okunembayo nokuqondanisa kwesixhumi ku-PCB eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthintana kukagesi okulungile kanye nokudluliswa kwesignali efanele ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa noma ukuphazamiseka.
Ukwehliswa Kwesiginali Okuncishisiwe:

Ukubeka okunembile kanye nezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ngosayizi omncane wokuvula kusiza ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela kwesignali. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-PCB aguqukayo, lapho ukugoba nokunyakaza kungathinta ubuqotho besignali. Ukuqondanisa okunembayo kunciphisa amathuba okulahleka kwesignali noma ukuncishiswa ngesikhathi sokuthwebula nokudlulisa idatha.

6. I-flame retardant:I-94V0 into ebuyisela amalangabi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwedivayisi yokuqapha umfutho wegazi. Endaweni yezokwelapha lapho ukuphepha kwesiguli kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwethembeka nokumelana nomlilo okunikezwa ama-PCB kubalulekile.
Ezindaweni zezokwelapha lapho ukuphepha kwesiguli kubaluleke kakhulu, ama-PCB anezinto ezivimbela amalangabi anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa: Ukumelana nomlilo:
Izinto ze-94V0 ezibushela ilangabi zinamandla okuvimbela ukusabalala kwamalangabi, ukuvimbela noma ukucindezela umlilo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezilungiselelweni zezokwelapha lapho ukuba khona kwezinto ezivuthayo noma amaphutha kagesi kungaba yingozi enkulu ezigulini nakubasebenzi bezempilo. Ukusebenzisa ama-PCB anezakhiwo ezivimbela amalangabi kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba ezingozi zomlilo.

Ukwethembeka:

Ama-PCB anezakhiwo ezivimbela amalangabi anokwethenjelwa okuphezulu ngenxa yekhono lawo lokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokumelana nomlilo. Esimeni sezokwelapha, izisetshenziswa ezifana neziqaphi zomfutho wegazi zingaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene, ezifaka amazinga okushisa aphezulu kusukela kunqubo yokuvala inzalo noma ukuchayeka ngephutha emithonjeni yokushisa. Ngokusebenzisa ama-PCB avimbela ilangabi, ingozi yokulimala noma ukwehluleka ngenxa yokushisa noma umlilo iyancipha kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwemishini.
Ukuhambisana namazinga okuphepha:

Ama-ejensi amaningi alawulayo nezinhlangano zamazinga zidinga okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi okusetshenziswa ezindaweni zezokwelapha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga athile avimbela ilangabi. Ngokusebenzisa i-94V0 ye-flame retardant kuma-PCB, abakhiqizi bemishini yezokwelapha bangaqinisekisa ukuthobelana nalawa mazinga okuphepha, bathuthukise ukuphepha kukonke nokuhambisana kwemishini yokuhlola umfutho wegazi.

Ukuvikelwa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi:

Ngaphezu kokuvikela umlilo, ama-PCB avimbela ilangabi aphinde avikele izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifakwe kuwo. Izici zezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo zisiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwengxenye ekushiseni noma emlilweni, ukugcina ubuqotho kanye nokusebenza kwemishini yokuhlola umfutho wegazi.

7. Ukwelashwa kwendawo: Ukwelashwa kwendawo yegolide yokucwiliswa kunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina. Lokhu kuqinisekisa impilo ende ye-PCB nokuqina, ngisho nasezindaweni zezokwelapha eziyinselele.
Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani ukucwiliswa kwegolide kuzuzisa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezokwelapha eziyinselele:
Ukumelana nokugqwala:

Ukwelashwa kwendawo yegolide yokucwiliswa kwakha isendlalelo esivikelayo ukuze kuvikelwe iminonjana yethusi ku-PCB ekugxumeni nasekugqwaleni. Ezindaweni zezokwelapha, lapho ukuchayeka kumswakama, amakhemikhali nezinqubo zokuvala inzalo kuvame, ukumelana nokugqwala kuba bucayi. I-coat yegolide yokucwiliswa isebenza njengesithiyo esivela kulezi zakhi eziyingozi, iqinisekisa impilo ende nokuthembeka kwe-PCB.

I-Solderability:

I-Copper, insimbi eyinhloko esetshenziswa kuma-PCB, i-oxidized kalula, inciphisa ukudayiswa kwayo. Isiphetho segolide sokucwiliswa sakha ungqimba oluncane lwegolide emithonjeni yethusi, okuthuthukisa ukudayiswa kwe-PCB. Lokhu kusiza inqubo ye-solder ngesikhathi somhlangano we-PCB, okuholela ekuhlanganiseni okuqinile nokuthembekile kwe-solder. Ukuthuthukisa i-solderability kubaluleke kakhulu kumishini yezokwelapha ngoba ukuxhumana kwe-solder okungaguquki nokuqinile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwedivayisi.

Ubude bempilo kanye Nokuqina:

Ukumelana nokugqwala okunikezwa ukucwiliswa kwegolide kusiza ukunweba impilo ye-PCB. Esimeni sezokwelapha, lapho amadivaysi angase abe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezifana nezinqubo zokuvala inzalo, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali noma ingcindezi yokusebenza kwemishini, ukuqina kwe-PCB kubalulekile. Isendlalelo segolide esivikelayo siqinisekisa ukuthi i-PCB ingakwazi ukumelana nalezi zinselele futhi igcine ukusebenza kwayo nokusebenza isikhathi eside.
Ubuqotho Besiginali:

Isiphetho segolide sokucwiliswa sinezinto ezinhle zikagesi, okuhlanganisa ukumelana okuphansi namandla amahle okudlulisa isignali. Lokhu kubalulekile emishinini yezokwelapha efana neziqaphi zomfutho wegazi ezithembele ekudluliselweni kwesignali okunembile nokuthembekile. Isendlalelo segolide ku-PCB sisiza ukugcina ubuqotho besignali futhi sinciphisa ingcuphe yokuwohloka kwesignali noma ukulahlekelwa ngenxa ye-oxidation yangaphezulu noma amajoyinti e-solder ampofu.

Amadivayisi okuqapha umfutho wegazi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezigulini nabasebenzi bezempilo.Ukunemba nokuthembeka kwezilinganiso zomfutho wegazi kunomthelela ekuxilongweni nasezinqumweni zokwelashwa okungcono. Imvelo eguquguqukayo nelula ye-PCB yenza idivayisi ifanele ukugqokwa kwesikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuthobela kwesiguli.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-PCB obunezingqimba ezi-4 kumishini yokuqapha umfutho wegazi kubonisa amandla amakhulu amasekhethi athuthukile nama-PCB aguquguqukayo embonini yezokwelapha.Inhlanganisela yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zomkhiqizo inikeze ukwesekwa okukhulu kokuthuthukisa ukunemba, ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokukalwa komfutho wegazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-PCB obunezingqimba ezi-4, ikakhulukazi ngokuqina kokwakheka kwepuleti lensimbi, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni imishini yezokwelapha yomfutho wegazi.I-PCB eguquguqukayo yesekethe ethuthukisiwe inikeza inkundla enhle kakhulu yokuthuthukisa imishini yokuqapha umfutho wegazi enembile nethembekile enezici zayo ezithile zomkhiqizo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, singalindela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kumishini yezokwelapha eqhutshwa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-PCB obuthuthukisiwe.